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Introduction
Sigma-Aldrich is a pioneer in the supply of safe, reliable and easy-to-use pyridine-free Karl Fischer reagents.
Water can affect product quality, texture, shelf life, chemical stability and reactivity. The Karl Fischer titration is a universally acknowledged method for measuring water content in all types of substances including chemicals, oils, pharmaceuticals and food. In 1979, Riedel-de Haën researcher Dr. Eugen Scholz improved the Karl Fischer titration by replacing noxious pyridine with imidazole.
This innovation became the foundation of HYDRANAL®, the world’s leading pyridine-free reagents for Karl Fischer titration. Since Dr. Scholz’s pioneering research and with a spirit of ongoing product improvement, Riedel-de Haën has launched a wide range of Karl Fischer reagents for both volumetric and coulometric titrations for nearly all types of samples.
Advantages of HYDRANAL® reagents:
- High-speed titrations
- Stable end points
- Accurate results
- No unpleasant odor
- Lower toxicity for increased safety and decreased environmental impact
- Long shelf life
- Wide applicability
| Table 1: HYDRANAL® Product Line at a Glance |
| HYDRANAL®-Composite |
The most frequently used pyridine-free Karl Fischer reagents for one-component volumetric titration |
| HYDRANAL®-Solvent / Titrant |
Volumetric titration with two-component reagents for higher accuracy and stability |
| HYDRANAL®-Coulomat |
Coulometric titration for samples with low water content |
| HYDRANAL®-K types |
Specially designed reagents for determining water in aldehydes and ketones |
| HYDRANAL®-E types |
Reduced toxicity over ethanol-containing reagents for both volumetric and coulometric titrations |
| HYDRANAL®-Water Standards |
Standards with certified water content for titer determination |
In the following chapters, you will find the basic principles and possibilities of Karl Fischer titration.
Additional technical information can be obtained by requesting our HYDRANAL®-Manual,
Multimedia Guide CD, Literature or Applications. For personal assistance, please feel free to contact
our Karl Fischer helplines.
Chapter 1 Basic principles of Karl Fischer titration
Chapter 2 Basic forms of Karl Fischer titration
Chapter 3 Variations of Karl Fischer titration
| Literature |
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Eugen Scholz „Karl-Fischer-Titration“ |
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Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo (1984), 140 pages |
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ISBN 3-540-12846-8 German Edition |
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ISBN 3-540-13734-3 English Edition |
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