Many early tissue culture media were predominantly formulated from animal products and/or tissue extracts. In 1950, Morgan and his coworkers reported their efforts to produce a totally defined nutritional source for cell cultures. Their experiments, conducted with various combinations of vitamins, amino acids, and other factors revealed that growth of explanted tissue could be measured in what has become known as Medium 199. However, it was found that long-term cultivation of cells required addition of a serum supplement to the culture fluid. When properly supplemented, Medium 199 has broad species applicability, particularly for cultivation of non-transformed cells. It is widely used in virology, vaccine production and in vitro cultivation of primary explants of mouse pancreatic epithelial and rat lens tissues.

Product #	Product Name	Description	Application
M 4530	Medium 199	Liquid With Earle's salts, L-glutamine, and sodium bicarbonate; Sterile-filtered Endotoxin tested Cell culture tested	Complete liquid version of the original M 199 formulation published by Morgan. One of the early media formulations used for virus production.
M 2154	Medium 199	Liquid With Earle's salts and sodium bicarbonate; Without L-glutamine; supplement with 0.1 gm/L L-glutamine Sterile-filtered Endotoxin tested Cell culture tested	Same as M 4530, except that L-glutamine must be added by the investigator.
M 0650	Medium 199 (10x)	Liquid With Earle's salts Without L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate; supplement with 0.1 gm/L L-glutamine, 2.2 gm/L sodium bicarbonate pH 3.1-4.1 at 10x Sterile-filtered Endotoxin tested Cell culture tested	This is the concentrated version (10x) of M 4530. L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate are added to the medium after dilution to 1x and pH adjustment.
M 5017	Medium 199	Powder With Earle's salts and L-glutamine Without sodium bicarbonate: supplement with 2.2 gm/L sodium bicarbonate; Formulated at 9.9 grams of powder per liter of medium; Cell culture tested	Powder version of M 4530. Sodium bicarbonate is added at the time that the liquid medium is formulated.
M 3769	Medium 199 Modified	Powder With Earle's salts Without phenol red, L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate: supplement with 0.1 gm/L L-glutamine, 2.2 gm/L sodium bicarbonate; Formulated at 9.8 grams of powder per liter of medium; Cell culture tested	Related to M 4530, but without phenol red. Sodium bicarbonate and L-glutamine are added at the time that the liquid medium is formulated. Phenol red has been shown to interfere with the growth of some cells at low or cloning densities. Use this version of Medium 199 when working with stem cells or cells at low densities.
M 7528	Medium 199 HEPES Modified	Liquid With Earle's salts, sodium bicarbonate and 25 mM HEPES; Without L-glutamine; supplement with 0.1 gm/L L-glutamine Sterile-filtered Endotoxin tested Cell culture tested	Same as M 2154, and M 4530, except the buffer system is modified. HEPES increases the buffer strength of the medium and raises the maximum buffering range. Recommended for cells that grow better at a pH above 7.2.
M 2520	Medium 199 HEPES Modified	Powder With Earle's salts, L-glutamine and 25 mM HEPES; Without sodium bicarbonate: supplement with 2.2 gm/L sodium bicarbonate; Formulated at 15.1 grams of powder per liter of medium; Cell culture tested	Powder version of M 7528. HEPES increases the buffer strength of the medium and raises the maximum buffering range. Recommended for cells that grow better at a pH above 7.2
M 7653	Medium 199	Liquid With Hanks' salts and sodium bicarbonate; Without L-glutamine; supplement with 0.1 gm/L L-glutamine Sterile-filtered Endotoxin tested Cell culture tested	Modification of the original Medium 199. Earle's salts are replaced with Hanks' salts. Hanks' salts use a lower concentration of bicarbonate and different concentrations and salt forms of the essential inorganic ions.
M 9163	Medium 199 (10x)	Liquid With Hanks' salts; Without L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate; supplement with 0.1 gm/L L-glutamine, 0.35 gm/L sodium bicarbonate pH 4.2-4.4 at 10x Sterile-filtered Endotoxin tested Cell culture tested	This is the concentrated version (10x) of M 7653. L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate are added to the medium after dilution to 1x and pH adjustment.
M 0393	Medium 199	Powder With Hanks' salts and L-glutamine Without sodium bicarbonate: supplement with 0.35 gm/L sodium bicarbonate; Formulated at 11.0 grams of powder per liter of medium; Cell culture tested	Powder version of M 7653. Sodium bicarbonate is added at the time that the liquid medium is formulated.
M 3274	Medium 199 Modified	Powder With Hanks' salts Without phenol red, L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate: supplement with 0.1 gm/L L-glutamine, 0.35 gm/L sodium bicarbonate; Formulated at 10.9 grams of powder per liter of medium; Cell culture tested	Related to M 0393, but without phenol red. Sodium bicarbonate and L-glutamine are added at the time that the liquid medium is formulated. Phenol red has been shown to interfere with the growth of some cells at low or cloning densities. Use this version of Medium 199 when working with stem cells or cells at low densities.
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