Sigma-Aldrich
Neurotransmission

 Neurotransmitters

Cell Signaling & Neuroscience
 
  Adenosines/P2 Nucleotide Receptors (Purinergics)
Adrenergics
Biogenic Amine Transport Inhibitors
Cholinergics
Dopaminergics
Excitatory Amino Acids
GABAergics
Glycinergics
Histaminergics
Imidazoline Binding Site Ligands
Serotonergics
Neurotransmission Table of Contents

Pathway Slide: Mechanism of Action of Selective Monoaminergic Reuptake Inhibitors Figure A, Figure B
Pathway Slide: Drug Activation of Dopaminergic Neurons
Pathway Slide: Schematic Representation of the GABAB Receptor

Adenosines/P2 Nucleotide Receptors (Purinergics)  
Product Name Product # 
Agonists
Adenosine ³99 % A9251
Adenosine hemisulfate salt ³98 % A7636
Adenosine amine congener solid A111
Adenosine 5'-diphosphate monopotassium salt dihydrate bacterial 98-100 % crystalline A5285
Adenosine 5'-[b-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt ³80 % A8016
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt SigmaUltra ³99 % A7699
N6-(4-Aminobenzyl)-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine solid A236
N6-2-(4-Aminophenyl)ethyladenosine >95 % A202
N6-Benzyl-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine solid B152
8-Bromoadenosine 5'-triphosphate sodium salt ~95 % B3756
CGS-21680 hydrochloride solid C141
2-Chloroadenosine C5134
2-Chloroadenosine triphosphate tetrasodium salt solid C145
2-Chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine solid C142
Chloro-IB-MECA solid C277
N6-Cyclohexyladenosine C9901
N6-Cyclopentyladenosine solid C8031
Cytidine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt ~98 % C1506
Cytidine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt ~98 % C9274
(S)-ENBA E111
5'-(N-Ethylcarboxamido)adenosine powder E2387
HE-NECA solid H8034
IB-MECA solid I146
MECA solid A024
6-Methylaminopurine 9-ribofuranoside solid M5501
a,b-Methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate lithium salt ³95 % solid M6517
b,g-Methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt ³95 % solid M7510
2-(Methylthio)adenosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt >89 % solid M152
2-(Methylthio)adenosine 5'-triphosphate tetrasodium salt >91 % solid A023
Metrifudil M225
N6-Phenyladenosine solid P108
2-Phenylaminoadenosine >97 % solid P101
(+)-N6-(2-Phenylisopropyl)adenosine P7665
(-)-N6-(2-Phenylisopropyl)adenosine solid P4532
N6-p-Sulfophenyladenosine sodium salt solid S198
Uridine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt from Saccharomyces cerevisiae 95-100 % U4125
Uridine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt hydrate from yeast Type III ~97 % U6625
Uridine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt hydrate Type IV 90-95 % U6750
Uridine 5'-triphosphate tris salt Type VI ³90 % U6875
Antagonists
Alloxazine solid A242
Brilliant Blue G ³90 % (TLC) B5133
CGS-15943 solid C199
7-Chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine solid C5982
8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine solid C197
8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine crystalline C102
8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine solid C101
Diinosine pentaphosphate pentasodium salt D6938
1,3-Dimethyl-8-phenylxanthine crystalline P2278
3,7-Dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine solid D134
1,3-Dipropyl-8-(p-sulfophenyl)xanthine solid A022
FSCPX F7927
MRS 1191 solid M227
MRS 1220 solid M228
MRS 1523 >98 % (HPLC) M1809
MRS 1754 >98 % (HPLC) M6316
MRS 2159 >98 % (HPLC) solid M7684
MRS 2179 >98 % (HPLC) M3808
MRS 2395 ³98 % (HPLC) solid M5942
NF 023 crystalline N8652
PPNDS solid P2738
3-Propylxanthine ³99 % solid P5679
Pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo(benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt solid P178
Reactive Blue 2 solid R115
SCH-58261 99 % (HPLC) solid S4568
8-(p-Sulfophenyl)theophylline solid A013
TNP-ATP solid T4193
VUF 5574 V5888
Xanthine amine congener X103
Others
I-AB-MECA solid I145
P1,P4-Di(adenosine-5') tetraphosphate ammonium salt ~95 % (HPLC) powder D1262
Dilazep dihydrochloride powder D5294
5-Iodotubericidin solid I100
S-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine ³98 % solid N2255
Adrenergics back to top
Product Name Product # 
Agonists
p-Aminoclonidine hydrochloride solid A0779
Bambuterol hydrochloride >98 % (HPLC) powder B8684
BRL 37344 sodium salt powder B169
(±)-CGP-12177 hydrochloride >98 % solid C125
CL 316,243 ³98 % C5976
Clenbuterol hydrochloride ³95 % C5423
R(-)-Denopamine >98 % (HPLC) D7815
Dobutamine hydrochloride ³98 % D0676
(-)-Epinephrine E4250
(-)-Epinephrine (+)-bitartrate salt solid E4375
(±)-Epinephrine ³98 % E1635
(±)-Epinephrine hydrochloride E4642
Fenoterol hydrobromide F1016
6-Fluoronorepinephrine hydrochloride solid B012
Guanabenz acetate salt solid G110
Isoetharine mesylate salt I3639
(±)-Isoproterenol hydrochloride I5627
(+)-Isoproterenol (+)-bitartrate salt I8005
(-)-Isoproterenol (+)-bitartrate salt I2760
(-)-Isoproterenol hydrochloride I6504
(±)-Isoproterenol hemisulfate salt I5752
Mephentermine hemisulfate salt M3656
Metaproterenol hemisulfate salt M2398
Metaraminol (+)-bitartrate salt M4773
Methoxamine hydrochloride M6524
Moxonidine hydrochloride ³98 % M1559
Naphazoline hydrochloride N5504
L-(-)-Norepinephrine (+)-bitartrate salt monohydrate ³99 % solid A9512
(-)-Norepinephrine ³98 % crystalline A7257
(±)-Norepinephrine (+)-bitartrate salt A0937
(±)-Octopamine hydrochloride ³95 % O0250
Oxymetazoline hydrochloride solid O2378
(R)-(-)-Phenylephrine hydrochloride P6126
Procaterol hydrochloride P9180
Ritodrine hydrochloride R0758
Salbutamol S8260
Salbutamol hemisulfate salt S5013
Salmeterol >98 % (HPLC) solid S2692
(±)-Synephrine ³99 % S0752
Terbutaline hemisulfate salt T2528
Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride ³98 % T4264
UK 14,304 U104
Xamoterol hemifumarate salt >98 % (HPLC) X3253
Xylazine ³99 % X1126
Xylazine hydrochloride ³99 % X1251
Xylometazoline hydrochloride X6000
Antagonists
A-315456 >98 % (HPLC) solid A6351
Alprenolol hydrochloride >99 % (TLC) powder A8676
Atenolol ³98 % (TLC) powder A7655
R(+)-Atenolol solid A142
S(-)-Atenolol solid A143
Benoxathian hydrochloride solid B016
BMY 7378 dihydrochloride >98 % solid B134
BRL 44408 maleate >99 % (HPLC) solid B4559
CGP-20712A methanesulfonate salt solid C231
Chloroethylclonidine dihydrochloride solid B003
Cyclazosin hydrochloride solid C247
Doxazosin mesylate >98 % (HPLC) D9815
Fiduxosin hydrochloride >98 % (HPLC) F4303
ICI 118,551 hydrochloride ³99 % (TLC) powder I127
Imiloxan hydrochloride >98 % (HPLC) I9531
L-765,314 ³98 % L3040
Labetalol hydrochloride >99 % (TLC) powder L1011
5-Methylurapidil solid U101
(±)-Metoprolol (+)-tartrate salt ³99 % (titration) powder M5391
Moxisylyte hydrochloride >99 % (TLC) powder M5154
Naftopidil dihydrochloride solid N158
S(+)-Niguldipine hydrochloride solid N135
Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride ³97 % powder B019
Phentolamine hydrochloride ³99 % (TLC) powder P7547
Phentolamine methanesulfonate salt ³99 % (TLC) powder P7561
Pindolol ³98 % (TLC) powder P0778
S(–)-Pindolol solid P152
Prazobind solid P124
Prazosin hydrochloride ³99 % (TLC) solid P7791
(R)-(+)-Propranolol hydrochloride ³99 % (TLC) powder P0689
(S)-(-)-Propranolol hydrochloride ³99 % (TLC) powder P8688
(±)-Propranolol hydrochloride ³99 % (TLC) powder P0884
Rauwolscine hydrochloride solid R104
RX 821002 solid R9525
SKF 86466 solid S1563
(±)-Sotalol hydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) powder S0278
SR 59230A oxalate salt solid S8688
Terazosin hydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) powder T4680
Timolol maleate salt ³98 % (TLC) powder T6394
Urapidil hydrochloride solid U100
WB-4101 hydrochloride >99 % (TLC) solid D0411
Yohimbine hydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) powder Y3125
Others
AH 11110 >98 % (HPLC) solid A3477
Bretylium tosylate >99 % (TLC) powder B8406
N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride ³98 % C8417
DL-threo-b-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)serine ³99 % (TLC) powder D2384
6-Hydroxy-DL-DOPA ³98 % (TLC) powder H2380
6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide ³90 % (HPLC) solid H8523
6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide contains ascorbic acid as stabilizer ³96 % (HPLC) H116
6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride >97 % (titration) crystalline H4381
DL-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid H0131
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol hemipiperazinium salt H1377
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol sulfate potassium salt ³98 % (HPLC) powder H8759
DL-Metanephrine hydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) powder M8625
DL-Normetanephrine hydrochloride ³98 % N7127
Biogenic Amine Transport Inhibitors back to top
Product Name Product # 
Alaproclate hydrochloride A164
Amfonelic acid powder D044
Amitriptyline hydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) powder A8404
Amoxapine A129
BTCP hydrochloride solid B138
Bupropion hydrochloride solid B102
(-)-2b-Carbomethoxy-3b-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane crystalline C155
b-CFT Naphthalenesulfonate solid C124
4'-Chloro-3a-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane hydrochloride solid C207
Citalopram hydrobromide C7861
Clomipramine hydrochloride ³98 % (HPLC) powder C7291
Desipramine hydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) powder D3900
Doxepin hydrochloride ~85 % as E-isomer ³98 % (GC) 15 % as Z-isomer powder D4526
Fluoxetine hydrochloride solid F132
Fluvoxamine maleate solid F2802
GBR 12909 dihydrochloride solid D052
GBR 12935 dihydrochloride ³99 % (TLC) powder G9659
GYKI 52895 solid G120
Imipramine hydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) crystalline I7379
Indatraline hydrochloride solid I119
Maprotiline hydrochloride >99 % (HPLC) powder M9651
Mazindol ³99 % (TLC) powder M2017
Mirtazapine ³99 % (HPLC) solid M0443
Nefazodone hydrochloride ³99 % (HPLC) solid N5536
Nisoxetine hydrochloride solid N151
6-Nitroquipazine maleate salt solid Q109
Nomifensine maleate salt N1530
Norfluoxetine hydrochloride >97 % solid F133
Nortriptyline hydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) powder N7261
Protriptyline hydrochloride ³99 % (TLC) powder P8813
Reboxetine mesylate >96 % (HPLC) solid R6527
Tianeptine Sodium-Potassium salt solid T1692
(R)-Tomoxetine hydrochloride solid T7947
Trazodone hydrochloride >99 % (HPLC) powder T6154
Trimipramine maleate salt >99 % (TLC) powder T3146
Zimelidine dihydrochloride solid Z101
Cholinergics back to top
Product Name Product # 
Agonists
A-85380 dihydrochloride solid A251
ABT-418 hydrochloride >98 % (HPLC) solid A6476
O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride ³99 % (titration) powder A6706
Acetylcholine chloride ³99 % (TLC) solid A6625
Acetyl-b-methylcholine chloride ³98 % (TLC) powder A2251
Acetylthiocholine chloride ³99 % (TLC) powder A5626
Acetylthiocholine iodide ³98 % (TLC) powder A5751
(±)-Anabasine ³90 % (TLC) liquid A5656
Arecaidine propargyl ester hydrobromide solid A140
Arecoline hydrobromide ³99 % (HPLC) powder A6134
Carbamoylcholine chloride crystalline ³99 % (titration) C4382
Carbamyl-b-methylcholine chloride ³99 % (TLC) crystalline C5259
DBO-83 solid D7938
Decamethonium bromide crystalline D1260
1,1-Dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide ³99 % (TLC or titration) powder D5891
(+)-cis-Dioxolane solid C008
(+)-Epibatidine hydrochloride ³99 % (TLC) powder E1020
(±)-Epibatidine dihydrochloride ³99 % (HPLC) powder E1145
Epiboxidine hydrochloride solid E152
a-Lobeline hydrochloride ~95 % (HPLC) powder L4376
McN-A-343 ³99 % (TLC) powder C7041
Methylcarbamylcholine chloride solid M140
(+)-Muscarine chloride ~95 % (TLC) powder M6532
(±)-Muscarine chloride ³99 % M104
Muscarinic Toxin-1 from Dendroaspis angusticeps venom ³98 % (SDS-PAGE) Lyophilized powder M9308
Muscarinic Toxin-2 from Dendroaspis angusticeps venom ³98 % (SDS-PAGE) Lyophilized powder M8058
Muscarinic Toxin-3 from Dendroaspis angusticeps venom ³98 % (SDS-PAGE) Lyophilized powder M5933
(-)-Nicotine ³99 % (GC) liquid N3876
(-)-Nicotine hemisulfate salt ³95 % (TLC) ~40 % (w/v) in water (nicotine free base content) N1019
(-)-Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt ³98 % (TLC) powder N5260
(±)-Nicotine ³99 % (TLC) liquid N0267
(+)-Nicotine (+)-di-p-toluoyltartrate salt ³99 % (TLC) powder N9765
(±)-Nornicotine ³99 % (TLC) liquid N3018
Oxotremorine sesquifumarate salt ³98 % (TLC) powder O9126
Oxotremorine M solid O100
Pilocarpine hydrochloride ³99 % (titration) powder P6503
Pilocarpine nitrate salt ³99 % (TLC) powder P6628
RJR-2403 hemigalactarate ³99 % (HPLC) powder R130
RJR-2429 dihydrochloride solid R131
Antagonists
Atropine ³99 % (TLC) powder A0132
Atropine sulfate salt hydrate ³97 % (TLC) crystalline A0257
Atropine methyl bromide ³99 % (TLC) powder A6883
Atropine methyl nitrate ³99 % (TLC) powder A0382
a-Bungarotoxin from Bungarus multicinctus solid T3019
Condelphine 95 % solid C2108
a-Conotoxin Im I ³97 % (HPLC) C2461
Delcorine ³97 % (TLC) solid D6939
Delsoline ³97 % (TLC) solid D7064
Deltaline ³97 % (TLC) solid D7189
Dicyclomine hydrochloride ³99 % (TLC) powder D7909
Dihydro-b-erythroidine hydrobromide solid D149
4-Diphenylacetoxy-N-(2-chloroethyl)piperidine hydrochloride solid D142
4-Diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide powder D104
Diplacine ³98 % solid D7564
Diquine ³98 % solid D7689
Fluorocurarine chloride from (From the plant Vinca erecta, from the family Apocynaceae) ³97 % (TLC) solid F6301
p-Fluorohexahydro-sila-difenidol hydrochloride solid H127
Gallamine triethiodide ³98 % (TLC) powder G8134
Hexamethonium bromide H0879
Hexamethonium chloride solid (hygroscopic) H2138
(+)-Himbacine ~98 % (GC) powder H4904
L-Hyoscyamine ³98 % (TLC) powder H9002
L-Hyoscyamine hydrobromide ³99 % (TLC) powder H9253
Imperialine 97 % solid I7779
Ipratropium bromide ³99 % (TLC) powder I1637
Karakoline 97 % solid K4262
Mecamylamine hydrochloride M9020
Methoctramine tetrahydrochloride solid M105
Methyllycaconitine citrate from Delphinium brownii seeds solid M168
MG 624 ³98 % M3184
Orphenadrine hydrochloride O3752
Oxybutynin chloride ³99 % (TLC) powder O2881
Pancuronium bromide P1918
Pempidine tartrate ³98 % (TLC) P5114
Pentolinium di[L(+)-tartrate] P3520
Pirenzepine dihydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) powder P7412
Propantheline bromide ³98 % (TLC) powder P8891
R-(-)-3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate C003
(±)-Quinuclidinyl benzilate powder C002
R(-)-Quinuclidinyl benzilate methiodide crystalline Q108
Quirestine ³99.5 % (TLC) Q0255
(-)-Scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate ³98 % (TLC) powder S1875
(-)-Scopolamine hydrochloride ³90 % (TLC) powder S1013
(-)-Scopolamine N-butyl bromide ³99 % (TLC) powder S7882
(-)-Scopolamine methyl bromide ³99 % (HPLC) powder S8502
(-)Scopolamine methyl nitrate S2250
Succinylcholine chloride dihydrate ³98 % solid S8251
Telenzepine dihydrochloride solid T122
Temechine hydrobromide ³99.5 % (TLC) T4569
Tempidine ³98 % (TLC) T4694
Tempidol hydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) T4944
Tempoxime hydrochloride ³98 % (TLC) T4819
DL-Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride solid T1516
N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-(4-trans-stilbenoxy)-2-propylammonium iodide T6692
Tropicamide solid T9778
(+)-Tubocurarine chloride hydrate T2379
Others
Acetylethylcholine mustard hydrochloride solid C001
Aminobenztropine solid A138
Bromoacetylcholine bromide solid B121
b-Bungarotoxin from Bungarus multicinctus T5644
Choline bitartrate ~99 % C1629
Choline chloride reagent grade ³98 % C1879
(-)-Cotinine ~98 % C5923
Dithiobiuret 97 % solid D3190
Hemicholinium-3 solid H108
Linopirdine solid L134
L(–)-Vesamicol hydrochloride solid V101
(±)-Vesamicol hydrochloride >98 % solid V100
WB64 solid W4761
Dopaminergics back to top
Product Name Product # 
Agonists
A-68930 hydrochoride ³98 % (HPLC) solid A8852
A-77636 hydrochloride ³97 % solid A255
R(-)-N-Allylnorapomorphine hydrobromide solid D042
N-Allyl-(±)-SKF-38393 hydrobromide solid S168
(±)-2-Amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene hydrobromide solid D002
R(-)-Apocodeine hydrochloride solid D003
R-(-)-Apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate ³99 % A4393
BP897 >98 % (HPLC) B9308
R(+)-6-Bromo-APB hydrobromide solid B135
S(-)-6-Bromo-APB hydrobromide solid B136
2-Bromo-a-ergocryptine methanesulfonate salt solid B2134
Chloro-APB hydrobromide solid C130
(±)-6-Chloro-PB hydrobromide solid S143
N-[2-(4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]-3-methoxybenzamide solid C7230
Deoxyepinephrine hydrochloride 95-98 % solid D5886
Dihydrexidine hydrochloride solid D5814
Dopamine hydrochloride solid H8502
FAUC 73 liquid F1041
Fenoldopam hydrobromide ³98 % F6800
(±)-7-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide solid H8653
R(+)-7-Hydroxy-DPAT hydrobromide >98 % solid H168
R(+)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-propylpiperidine hydrochloride solid P102
(S)-(-)-3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-propylpiperidine hydrochloride >98 % solid P103
cis-8-Hydroxy-3-(n-propyl)-1,2,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-benz[e]indole hydrobromide ³98 % (HPLC) solid P0618
S(-)-Lisuride solid L122
R(–)-Norapomorphine hydrobromide solid D040
(+)-PD 128,907 hydrochloride >97 % solid P183
(±)-PD 128,907 hydrochloride solid