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Cytokines, growth factors, and hormones all play a role in obesity. Proinflammatory cytokines play important roles in regulating leptin levels as well modulating other aspects of lipid metabolism. Leptin in-turn regulates levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes the release of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), which ultimately suppresses feeding behavior. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) also regulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the enzyme regulating the disposal of lipid stores in the body. Another proinflammatory cytokine of note in obesity research is Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which maintains elevated circulating levels in obese individuals.
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is another proinflammatory cytokine secreted from adipocytes whose overproduction may be the factor that negatively influences the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose transport in adipocytes. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) appears to act similar to leptin in relation to adiposity. The α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH) and the melanocortin pathway is involved in controlling food intake and autonomic activity. While peptides such as orexin-A and orexin-B regulate wakefulness and energy balance, disruption of their function causes narcolepsy and obesity.
Effects of Peptides on Food Intake and Obesity
Effects of Cytokines on Food Intake and Obesity
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Interleukin-1 (IL-1), originally known as Lymphocyte Activating Factor (LAF), activates T cell lymphocytes, which then proliferate and secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2). IL-1 is released primarily from stimulated macrophages and monocytes, but has also been shown to be released from several other types and is thought to play a key role in inflammatory and immune responses.
| Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Receptors |
| Product # |
Product Name |
Notes |
Add to Cart |
| I2778 |
Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) human, recombinant, expressed in E. coli |
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| I9401 | Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) human, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | | |
| I5396 | Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) mouse, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | | |
| I5271 | Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mouse, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | | |
| I3901 | Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) rat, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | | |
| I2393 | Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) rat, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | | |
| I4638 | Interleukin-1β Fragment 163-171 human | T cell activator without the inflammatory properties of Interleukin-1. | |
| I0654 | Interleukin-1 Soluble Receptor (IL-1 sRI), Type I human, recombinant, expressed in mouse NSO cells | Transmembrane protein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily; expressed predominantly by T cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. | |
| I8148 | Interleukin-1 Soluble Receptor (IL-I sRII), Type II human, recombinant, expressed in Sf 21 cells | Glycoprotein found on B lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and endothelial cells. | |
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Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Antibodies |
| Product # | Product Name | Species Reactivity | Immunogen | Application | Add to Cart |
| I5018 | Anti-Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), Rabbit IgG fraction of antiserum | Human | Recombinant human IL-1α | Neutralization, Radioimmunoassay, Dot blot | |
| I3392 | Anti-Interleukin-1α (Anti IL-1α), Goat IgG fraction of antiserum | Mouse | Recombinant mouse IL-1α | Neutralization, Immunoblotting, Indirect ELISA | |
| I3778 | Monoclonal Anti-Interleukin-1α (Anti-IL-1α), Clone 59015.111, Mouse purified immunoglobulin | Rat | Recombinant rat IL-1α, expressed in E. coli | Immunoblotting, Capture ELISA | |
| I3642 | Monoclonal Anti-Interleukin-1β (Anti-IL-1β), Clone 8516.311; Isotype IgG1 Mouse purified immunoglobulin | Human | Recombinant human IL-1β | Neutralization, Immunoblotting, Indirect ELISA | |
| I4893 | Anti-Interleukin-1β (Anti-IL-1β), Rabbit IgG fraction of antiserum | Human | Recombinant human IL-1β | Neutralization, Radioimmunoassay, Dot blot | |
| I3767 | Anti-Interleukin-1β (Anti-IL-1β), Goat IgG fraction of antiserum | Mouse | Recombinant mouse IL-1β | Neutralization, Immunoblotting, Indirect ELISA | |
| I5527 | Monoclonal Anti-Interleukin-1 Soluble, Receptor Type I (Anti-IL-1 sRI), Clone 35730.111, Isotype IgG1; purified immunoglobulin | Human | Recombinant human IL-1 sRI expressed in Sf 21 cells | Neutralization, Indirect ELISA | |
| I6027 | Anti-Interleukin-1 Soluble Receptor, (Anti-IL-1 sRI) Type I, Goat IgG fraction of antiserum | Human | Recombinant human IL-1 sRI expressed in Sf 21 cells | Neutralization, Immunoblotting, Indirect ELISA | |
| I8153 | Anti-Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein, (Anti-IL-1RAcP), Rabbit affinity isolated antibody | Human, mouse, rat | Synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 525-540 of human interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (Il-1RAcP). This sequence is identical in mouse and rat. | Immunoblotting | |
| I1404 | Anti-Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein, (Anti-IL-1RAcP), C-Terminal, Rabbit affinity isolated antibody | Human | Synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 549-569 of the C-terminal region of human interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RacP). This sequence differs from that of mouse by 3 amino acids. | Immunoblotting | |
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Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional protein originally discovered in the media of cells stimulated with double stranded RNA. IL-6 appears to be directly involved in the responses that occur after infection and injury and may prove to be as important as IL-1 and TNF-α in regulating the acute phase response.
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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Receptors |
| Product # |
Product Name |
Notes |
Add to Cart |
| I3268 |
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) human, >90% (SDS-PAGE) |
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| I1395 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) human, recombinant, expressed in E. coli, >97% (SDS-PAGE) | | |
| I9646 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mouse, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | | |
| I0406 | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) rat, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | | |
| I3271 | Interleukin-6 Fragment 88-121 (IL-6 (88-121)), human | Competively inhibits binding of IL-6 to its receptor. | |
| I5771 | Interleukin-6 Receptor Soluble Fragment, (IL-6 sR) human, recombinant, expressed in Sf 21 cells | The receptor-mediated activity of human IL-6 receptor soluble target is measured by its ability to increase the IL-6 inhibition of M1 cells. | |
| G7534 | gp130 Soluble Fragment human, recombinant, expressed in Sf 21 cells | The signal-transducing subunit of the functional IL-6 receptor complex. | |
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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Antibodies |
| Product # | Product Name | Species Reactivity | Immunogen | Application | Add to Cart |
| I7901 | Monoclonal Anti-Interleukin-6 (Anti-IL-6), Clone 6708.11, mouse purified immunoglobulin, Isotype IgG1 | Human | Recombinant human IL-6 | Neutralization, Immunoblotting, Indirect ELISA | |
| I2143 | Anti-Interleukin-6 (Anti-IL-6), Rabbit IgG fraction of antiserum | Human | Recombinant human IL-6 | Neutralization, Radioimmunoassay, Dot blot | |
| I3393 | Anti-Interleukin-6 (Anti-IL-6), Rabbit IgG fraction of antiserum | Mouse | Recombinant mouse IL-6 | Neutralization, Radioimmunoassay, Dot blot | |
| I3903 | Anti-Interleukin-6 (Anti-IL-6), Rabbit IgG fraction of antiserum | Mouse | Recombinant mouse IL-6 | Neutralization, Radioimmunoassay, Dot blot | |
| I0649 | Monoclonal Anti-Interleukin-6 Receptor, (Anti-IL-6 Receptor), Clone UV4; Isotype IgG1, Mouse purified immunoglobulin | Human | Both a human myeloma cell line (U266) and a murine cell line, (M12.4/R) transfected with human IL-6R | Dot blot, Flow cytometry, Radioimmunoassay, Indirect ELISA | |
| G4165 | Anti-gp130, Rabbit IgG fraction of antiserum | Human, mouse | Recombinant GST-gp130 containing the cytoplasmic domain of human gp130 | Immunoprecipitation, Immunoblotting | |
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Neurotrophic Factors
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Neurotrophic Factors |
| Product # | Product Name | Notes | Add to Cart |
| B3795 | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), human, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | 13.6 kDa (or 27.2 kDa dimer) member of the neurotrophin family. BDNF has identical amino acid sequence in human, mouse and pig, with full cross-reactivities. BDNF is important in development and maintenance of neuronal populations within the central nervous system or cells directly associated with it. | |
| C3710 | Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) human, recombinant | First identified as a survival factor for neurons; from the ciliary ganglion of chicken embryos; prevents degeneration of motor neurons after axotomy and promotes astrocyte differentiation. | |
| C3835 | Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) rat, recombinant | First identified as a survival factor for neurons; from the ciliary ganglion of chicken embryos; prevents degeneration of motor neurons after axotomy and promotes astrocyte differentiation. | |
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Neurotrophic Factor Antibodies |
| Product # | Product Name | Species Reactivity | Immunogen | Application | Add to Cart |
| B5050 | Monoclonal Anti-Brain-derived Neurotrophic, Factor (Anti-BDNF), Clone 35928.11; Isotype IgG1, Mouse purified immunoglobulin | Human | Recombinant human BDNF | Neutralization, Immunoblotting, Indirect ELISA | |
| C3960 | Anti-Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF), Goat affinity isolated antibody | Human | Human recombinant CNTF expressed in E. coli | Neutralization | |
| C4085 | Anti-Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF), Goat affinity isolated antibody | Rat | Rat recombinant CNTF expressed in E. coli | Neutralization | |
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Products
26 kDa membrane bound protein cleaved by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) to release the soluble 17 kDa monomer, which forms homotrimers in circulation. TNF-α plays roles in antitumor activity, immune modulation, inflammation, anorexia, cachexia, septic shock, viral replication and hematopoiesis.
| Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) |
| Product # | Product Name | Add to Cart |
| T0157 | Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) human, recombinant, expressed in yeast | |
| T6674 | Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) human, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | |
| T7539 | Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) mouse, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | |
| T5944 | Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) rat, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | |
| Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Antibodies |
Product # | Product Name | Species Reactivity | Immunogen | Application | Add to Cart |
| T6817 | Monoclonal Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, (Anti-TNF-α), Clone 28401.111; Isotype IgG1, Mouse purified immunoglobulin | Human | Recombinant human TNF-α, expressed in E. coli | Immunoblotting, Capture ELISA, Immunohistochemistry, Neutralization | |
| F6651 | Monoclonal Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, (TNF-α), Fluorescein Conjugate, Clone 6402.31, Mouse purified immunoglobulin | Human | Recombinant human TNF-α | Flow Cytometry | |
| P7347 | Monoclonal Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, (TNF-α) R-Phycoerythrin Conjugate, Mouse purified immunoglobulin | Human | Recombinant human TNF-α | Flow cytometry | |
| T0813 | Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (Anti-TNF-α), Goat affinity isolated antibody | Human | Recombinant human TNF-α | Neutralization, Immunoblotting, Indirect ELISA | |
| T8300 | Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (Anti-TNF-α), Rabbit IgG fraction of antiserum | Human | Recombinant human, TNF-α produced in bacteria | Radioimmunoassay, Dot blot | |
| T0938 | Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (Anti-TNF-α), Goat affinity isolated antibody | Mouse | Recombinant mouse TNF-α | Neutralization, Immunoblotting, Indirect ELISA | |
| T1816 | Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (Anti-TNF-α), Goat affinity isolated antibody | Pig | Recombinant porcine TNF-α expressed in E. coli | Neutralization, Immunoblotting, Indirect ELISA | |
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Leptin and Leptin Receptors
Hormone produced primarily in adipocytes, although leptin mRNA has also been identified in placenta and fetal tissues, gastric tissue and liver. Its primary site of action appears to be on neurons in the hypothalamus that are involved in regulating energy balance, appetite, and body weight. Leptin increases the production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells and stimulates angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
Leptin receptor (OB-R) is a single membrane-spanning receptor most related to the gp-130 signal-transducing component of the IL-6 receptor, the G-CSF receptor and the LIF receptor. OB-R, also known as B219, is expressed in the yolk sac, early fetal liver, enriched hematopoitic stem
cells and in a variety of lymphohematopoietic cell lines. OB-R is also expressed at high levels in adult reproductive organs. OB-RL action in hepatic cells may be equivalent to that of IL-6 receptor. Leptin does not play a specific role in muting insulin action on hepatoma cells and may not contribute to the diabetic symptoms associated with obesity.
Leptin fragments mimic the effects of recombinant leptin on body weight and food intake and can be used to determine leptin in human serum by RIA.
| Leptin and Leptin Fragments |
| Product # | Product Name | Add to Cart |
| L4146 | Leptin human (OB), recombinant, expressed in E. coli | |
| L3772 | Leptin mouse (OB), recombinant, expressed in E. coli | |
| L5037 | Leptin rat (OB), recombinant, expressed in E. coli | |
| L4787 | Leptin Receptor/Fc Chimera human (B219), recombinant, expressed in mouse NSO cells | |
| L4912 | Leptin Receptor/Fc Chimera mouse (B219), recombinant, expressed in mouse NSO cells | |
| L7288 | Leptin Fragment 93-105 human, (Obese Gene Peptide 93-105 Human) | |
| L6913 | Leptin Fragment 126-140 human, (Obese Gene Peptide 126-140) | |
| L7038 | Leptin Fragment 138-167 human, (Obese Gene Peptide 138-167) | |
| L7163 | Leptin Fragment 150-167 human, (Obese Gene Peptide 150-167) | |
| L6788 | Leptin Fragment 116-130 Amide, mouse, (Obese Gene Peptide 116-130 amide) | |
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Orexins
Orexins (hypocretins) comprise a family of hypothalamic peptides that are involved in the initiation of sleep and in feeding behavior. Orexin A stimulates food intake through activation of the OX1 receptor. Orexin B activates OX2 receptors. Both OX1 and OX2 receptors are involved in maintaining arousal. OX2 receptors appear to be inhibitory autoreceptors on orexin-containing neurons.
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Orexins |
| Product # | Product Name | Add to Cart |
| O6012 | Orexin A human, rat, mouse (Hypocretin 1) | |
| O6137 | Orexin B human (Hypocretin 2) | |
| O6262 | Orexin B rat, mouse (Hypocretin 2) | |
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Orexin Antibodies |
Product # | Product Name | Species Reactivity | Immunogen | Application | Add to Cart |
| O9756 | Anti-Orexin160A, Rabbit IgG fraction of antiserum | Human, rat, mouse | Synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of human orexin A (amino acids 1-17 with disulfide bridge between cysteines 6-12 and 7-14). This sequence is identical in mouse and rat orexin A. | Indirect ELISA, Radioimmunoassay | |
| O0132 | Anti-Orexin160B, Rabbit IgG fraction of antiserum | Human, rat, mouse | Synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of human orexin B (amino acids 1-18). This sequence is highly conserved (single amino acid substitution) in mouse and rat orexin B. | Indirect ELISA, Radioimmunoassay | |
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α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH)
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α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH) |
| Product # |
Product Name |
Notes |
Add to Cart |
| M4542 |
Melanin Concentrating Hormone rat (MCH) |
Hypothalamic appetite stimulant; ligand for somatostatin-like receptor 1. |
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| M4135 |
α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH) |
Hormone that stimulates melanogenesis; facilitates learning and memory; affects inflammatory and immune responses and peripheral nerve regeneration. |
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| M8764 | [Nle4,D-Phe7]-α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone trifluoroacetate salt | Analog is 26 -160 times as potent as a-MSH in the adenylyl cyclase assay. | |
| M7907 | N-Acetyl-[Cys4,10,D-Phe7]-α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone fragment 4-13 | Cyclic MSH analog that is resistant to tryptic degradation; potent agonist with prolonged melanotropic activity in frog and lizard skin bioassays. | |
| M2910 | [D-Trp7,Ala8,D-Phe10]-α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Amide fragment; 6-11 (GHRP-6) | Selective inhibitor of α-MSH activity in frog skin bioassay; identical to His1,Lys8)-GH which selectively releases growth hormone in vitro and in vivo; somatostatin antagonist. | |
| M4558 |
[Acetyl-Cys3, Nle4, Arg5,D-2-Nal7,Cys11]-α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone fragment 3-11 amide |
A novel cyclic MSH analog that is a selective, high affinity (Kd = 0.29 nM) melanocortin-4 (MC4) receptor antagonist. Intraventricular administration induces food intake in rats. | |
| M4603 |
Acetyl-[Nle4, Asp5,D-2-Nal7,Lys10]-cyclo-α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Amide fragment 4-10 (SHU9119) | Shares pharmacological properties with the agouti peptide in that it is a potent antagonist of the MC4 receptor and a less potent antagonist of the MC3 receptor. | |
| M6513 | β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone, human (β-Melanotropin, human, β-MSH human) | Hormone that stimulates melanogenesis; facilitates learning and memory; affects inflammatory and immune responses and peripheral nerve regeneration. | |
| M2018 | β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone porcine (β-MSH) | Hormone that stimulates melanogenesis; facilitates learning and memory; affects inflammatory and immune responses and peripheral nerve regeneration. | |
| M0188 | [Acetyl-Cys11,β-(2-Naphthyl)-D-Ala14,Cys18]-β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Fragment 11-22 (HS014) | Highly selective the MC4 receptor antagonist in vitro and in vivo. | |
| M0438 | [Deamino-Cys11,β-(2-Naphthyl)-D-Ala14,Cys18]-β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Amide Fragment 11-22 (JKC-363) | Selective MC4 receptor antagonist that blocks the cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to α-melanocyte stimulating hormone. | |
| M9638 | γ-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (γ-MSH) | Hormone that stimulates melanogenesis; facilitates learning and memory; affects inflammatory and immune responses and peripheral nerve regeneration. | |
| M0563 | [Met210]-Melanocyte Protein PMEL 17 Fragment 209-217 human, mouse ([Met53]-Melanocyte Protein PMEL 17 fragment 52-60 bovine) | Modification of the melanoma differentiation antigen gp100/PMEL 17 fragment 209-217 sequence with greater affinity for the HLA-A2 molecule than the unmodified peptide. Has an increased ability to generate melanoma) reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. | |
| H2396 | HS014 | Selective MC4 receptor antagonist; increases food intake in free-feeding rats. | |
| H4402 | HS028 | Novel, highly selective MC4 receptor antagonist. Chronic administration in free-feeding rats has been shown to increase both food intake and body weight without inducing any signs of tachyphylaxis. | |
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Glucagon and Glucagon-Like Peptides
Released in response to low blood glucose. Activation of liver glucagon receptors induces cyclic-AMP-mediated phosphorylation of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.
| Glucagon and Glucagon-Like Peptides |
| Product # | Product Name | Notes | Add to Cart |
| G1774 | Glucagon human, bovine, porcine, recombinant, expressed in E. coli | | |
| G3157 | Glucagon human, bovine, porcine | | |
| G8147 | Glucagon-Like Peptide I Amide Fragment 7-36 human (Preproglucagon 78-107 amide) | Effector in the hormonal control of insulin secretion. | |
| G3265 | Glucagon-Like Peptide I human (GLP-1; Preproglucagon 72-108) | Neuropeptide that inhibits food intake when injected into the lateral ventricles of the brain and may mediate satiety. It is also a growth factor that stimulates proliferation and blocks apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. | |
| G9416 | Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Fragment 7-37 human (GLP-1 (7-37), Preproglucagon 78-108) | Truncated, bioactive form of GLP-1 that is the product of proglucagon processing in intestinal endocrine L cells. It is a potent insulinotropic hormone. | |
| G8166 | Glucagon-Like Peptide 2-Arg human trifluoroacetate salt (Preproglucagon 126-159; GLP-2-Arg) | Neuropeptide that inhibits food intake when injected into the lateral ventricles of the brain and may mediate satiety. It is also a growth factor that stimulates proliferation and blocks apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. | |
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Glucagon Antibodies |
| Product # | Product Name | Species Reactivity | Immunogen | Application | Add to Cart |
| G2654 | Monoclonal Anti-Glucagon, Clone K79bB10; Mouse ascites fluid | Human, pig, dog, feline, rabbit, mouse, rat, guinea pig | Polymerized porcine glucagon | Radioimmunoassay, Immunohistochemistry, Dot blot | |
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Calcitonin and Related Products
Hypocalcemic hormone produced by the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid or by the ultimobranchial bodies of nonmammalian vertebrates; decreases blood calcium and phosphate due to inhibition of resorption by osteoblasts and osteocytes.
| Calcitonin and Related Products |
| Product # | Product Name | Notes | Add to Cart |
| T3535 |
Calcitonin human, (Thyrocalcitonin, hCT, Calcitonin, human reduced cyclic, Calcitonin M, human C carcinoma) |
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| T0158 | Calcitonin porcine (Thyrocalcitonin) | | |
| T0283 | Calcitonin rat (Thyrocalcitonin) | | |
| T3660 | Calcitonin salmon (Thyrocalcitonin) | | |
| A0597 | Acetyl-[Asn30,Tyr32]-Calcitonin fragment 8-32 trifluoroacetate salt (AC 187) | Potent, selective antagonist of amylin-induced hyperglycoemia and hyperlactoemia. | |
| C0167 | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide human (CGRP-I, α-CGRP) | Potent, long-lasting vasodilator; activation of CGRP receptors on pancreatic β-cells increases plasma levels of pancreatic enzymes. | |
| C1044 | β-Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide human (β-CGRP, CGRP-II) | Potent hypotensive agent and vasodilator. | |
| C0292 | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide rat (CGRP-I, α-CGRP) | Potent, long-lasting vasodilator; activation of CGRP receptors on pancreatic β-cells increases plasma levels of pancreatic enzymes. | |
| C2806 | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide fragment 8-37 human (α-CGRP 8-37, human) | Selective competitive antagonist at CGRP receptors but not at calcitonin receptors. | |
| Calcitonin and Related Product Antibodies |
| Product # | Product Name | Species Reactivity | Immunogen | Application | Add to Cart |
| C2355 | Anti-Calcitonin, Rabbit whole antiserum | Human, rat | Highly purified peptide corresponding to human calcitonin | Immunohistochemistry, Indirect Immunofluorescence | |
| C226 | Monoclonal Anti-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, (Anti-CGRP) Clone C4/19 Mouse purified immunoglobulin | Rat, human | Rat α-CGRP | Immunohistochemistry, Dot blot, Radioimmunoassay | |
| C8198 | Anti-Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP), Rabbit whole antiserum | Rat, human | Rat CGRP | Immunohistochemistry, Dot blot, Radioimmunoassay | |
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Other Obesity Research Products
CART stands for cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript. Satiety factor, closely associated with the actions of two important regulators of food intake, leptin and neuropeptide Y.
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Other Obesity Research Products |
| Product # | Product Name | Notes | Add to Cart |
| C5977 | CART Fragment 55-102 human | | |
| C6227 | CART Fragment 61-102 rat | | |
| C6102 | CART Fragment 55-102 rat | | |
| E2643 | Enterostatin human | Inhibits fat intake in experiments involving dietary choice. | |
| E7019 | Exendin-3 | Activates VIP receptors and stimulates amylase release from pancreatic acinar cells. Its interaction with GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptors increases intracellular cAMP. Originally isolated from Heloderma horridum (Gila monster lizard) venom. | |
| E7144 | Exendin-4 | Activates GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptors to increase intracellular cAMP in pancreatic acinar cells, but has no effect on VIP receptors. Originally isolated from Heloderma suspectum (Gila monster lizard) venom. | |
| E7269 | Exendin Fragment 9-39 | Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonist; competitive inhibitor of exendin-3 and exendin-4. | |
| Other Obesity Research Antibodies |
| Product # | Product Name | Species Reactivity | Immunogen | Application | Add to Cart |
| U6382 | Anti-UCP1, Rabbit affinity isolated antibody | Rat, mouse, human | Peptide corresponding to amino acids 145-159 of human UCP-1 | Immunoblotting, Immunohistochemistry | |
| U7757 | Anti-UCP3, Rabbit affinity isolated antibody | Human, rat, mouse | Peptide corresonding to amino acids 254-267 of UCP-3 | Immunoblotting, Immunohistochemistry | |
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