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The following protocol has been established for the cultured cell line Schneider 2 (S2) from Drosophila melanogaster. If other tissue is used, certain steps of the protocol may need to be optimized, although the basic rationale would be the same. The main difference is likely to be in the cross-linking step. Cells growing in suspension can be easily cross-linked by adding a concentrated stock of the cross-linking buffer directly to the growth medium (see below). The same procedure is used for yeast (Strahl-Bohlsinger et al. 1997). Adherent mammalian cells are also cross-linked by adding a concentrated stock of the cross-linking buffer to the medium. After cross-linking and quenching with glycine, the cells are scraped and washed off the culture dishes with PBS and pooled. Then cells are lysed according to the protocol below (see Fig. 2). When using more compact material, such as embryos or imaginal discs, cross-linking conditions are more vigorous and might include treatments with detergents or polar solvents, which allow the formaldehyde to better penetrate the sample. For additional protocols, see Cao et al. (2002; imaginal discs from D. melanogaster), Orlando et al. (1998; embryos from D. melanogaster), and Chua et al. (2004; tobacco shoots). For further specialized protocols, see also the Web sites listed after the reference section.
Products Available for this Protocol
| Protocol Material Description |
Product # |
Product Name |
Add to Cart |
| General Materials |
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| Glycine (powder) |
G8790 |
Glycine, >98.5%, from non-animal source, cell culture tested, meets EP, JP & USP testing specifications |
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| PBS (phosphate-buffered saline [pH 7.4]) |
P5368 |
Phosphate buffered saline |
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| SDS, 10% |
L4390 |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate |
|
| Proteinase K |
P4850 |
Proteinase K from Tritirachium album |
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| Phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) |
P2069 |
Phenol:Chloroform:Isoamyl Alcohol 25:24:1 Saturated with 10 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA |
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| Chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (24:1) |
C0549 |
Chloroform:Isoamyl alcohol 24:1 |
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| Sodium acetate, 3 m (pH 5.2) |
S7545 |
Sodium acetate |
|
| Glycogen (5 mg/ml) |
G0885 |
Glycogen from bovine liver |
|
| Ethanol, 100% and 70% |
E7148 |
Ethanol |
|
| Fixation solution |
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| 11% formaldehyde |
F8775 |
Formaldehyde solution |
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| 100 mm NaCl |
S3014 |
Sodium chloride |
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| 1 mm EDTA |
E7889 |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution |
|
| 0.5 mm EGTA |
E3889 |
Ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid |
|
| 50 mm HEPES |
H4034 |
HEPES |
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| 100 mm PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) |
P7626 |
Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride |
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| Cell lysis buffer |
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| 5 mm PIPES (pH 8) |
P1851 |
PIPES |
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| 85 mm KCl |
P9541 |
Potassium chloride |
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| 0.5% NP-40 |
NP40 |
Tergitol® |
|
| 1 mm PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) |
P7626 |
Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride |
|
| Nuclear lysis buffer |
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| 50 mm Tris-HCl (pH 8) |
T5941 |
Trizma® hydrochloride |
|
| 10 mm EDTA |
E7889 |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution |
|
| 0.8 % SDS |
L4390 |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate |
|
| 1 mm PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) |
P7626 |
Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride |
|
| Dilution buffer |
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| 10 mm Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) |
T5941 |
Trizma® hydrochloride |
|
| 0.5 mm EGTA |
E3889 |
Ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid |
|
| 1% Triton X-100 |
T8787 |
Triton® X-100 |
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| 140 mm NaCl |
S3014 |
Sodium chloride |
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| 1 mm PMSF |
P7626 |
Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride |
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| RIPA buffer |
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| 10 mm Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) |
T5941 |
Trizma® hydrochloride |
|
| 1 mm EDTA |
E7889 |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution |
|
| 0.5 mm EGTA |
E3889 |
Ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid |
|
| 1% Triton X-100 |
T8787 |
Triton® X-100 |
|
| 0.1% sodium deoxycholate |
D6750 |
Sodium deoxycholate |
|
| 0.1% SDS |
L4390 |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate |
|
| 140 mm NaCl |
S3014 |
Sodium chloride |
|
| 1 mm PMSF |
P7626 |
Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride |
|
| LiCl buffer |
|
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| 0.25 m LiCl |
L9650 |
Lithium chloride |
|
| 0.5% NP-40 |
NP40 |
Tergitol® |
|
| 0.5% sodium deoxycholate |
D6750 |
Sodium deoxycholate |
|
| 1 mm EDTA |
E7889 |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution |
|
| 10 mm Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) |
T5941 |
Trizma® hydrochloride |
|
| TE |
|
|
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| 1 mm EDTA |
E7889 |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution |
|
| 10 mm Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) |
T5941 |
Trizma® hydrochloride |
|
| Gel loading solution |
|
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| 0.25% bromophenol blue |
B0126 |
Bromophenol Blue |
|
| 0.25% xylene cyanol |
X4126 |
Xylene Cyanol FF |
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| 30% glycerol |
G5516 |
Glycerol |
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| Ligase buffer |
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| 12.5 mm MgCl2 |
M8266 |
Magnesium chloride |
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| 25 mm dithiothreitol (DTT) |
D9779 |
DL-Dithiothreitol |
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| 1.25 mm ATP |
A6559 |
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt solution |
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| 50 mm Tris-HCl (pH 7.6) |
T5941 |
Trizma® hydrochloride |
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| Hybridization buffer |
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| 7% SDS |
L4390 |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate |
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| 1 mm EDTA |
E7889 |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution |
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| 1% bovine serum albumin |
B4287 |
Albumin from bovine serum |
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| Wash buffer |
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| 5% SDS |
L4390 |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate |
|
| 1 mm EDTA |
E7889 |
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution |
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| 0.5% BSA |
B4287 |
Albumin from bovine serum |
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Product Association Disclaimer: The Sigma-Aldrich products listed for this specific protocol were selected either to match or to supplement the products listed within the actual protocol. The products/reagents from Sigma-Aldrich have been qualified for usage, but may not have been validated for this specific application. Please refer to the detailed product description on the usage of specific products of interest.
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