Cross-linkers

Cross-linking is used for diverse application e.g. immobilizing enzymes, purification and detection of proteins, or to protect proteins from harsh oxidation. In the past traditionally glutaraldehyde (49633) was used, but nowadays there are many other cross-linkers with special properties fitted to diverse applications (see below in the table).

Table 1. Cross-linkers

Catalog #	Product Name	Product Information	Add to Cart
16646	1,4-Bis[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionamido]butane (DPDPB)	A unique homobifunctional SH reactive cross-linker, cleavable[2] Reacts with SH via pyridyldithiol forming a dissulfide bridge 19.9 E spacer Spacer cleavable by reduction MW 482.7
73361	Bis[2-(N-succinimidyl-oxycarbonyloxy)ethyl] sulfone(BSOCOES)	A homobifunctional SH reactive cross-linker, cleavable[3] Water soluble Base cleavable (pH 11.6, 2 hours, 370C) Reactive towards: amino groups Amine reactive homobifunctional crosslinking reagent MW 436.35 For crosslinking of protein crystals Used to crosslink b-endorphin to opioid receptors For purification of calcitonin receptors
38545	Bis[2-(4-azidosalicylamido)ethyl] disulfide (BASED)	A Photo-reactive cross-linker with amine reactivity[4] MW 474.5
43780	Dimethyl 3,3'-dithiopropionimidate dihydrochloride (Wang/Richards' Reagent, DTBP)	A homobifunctional, cleavable cross-linking reagent[5] Typically, reacted with primary amines in the pH range 7.0-10.0 to form amidine bonds The reagant is readily hydrolyzed at neutral pH Avoid use of reducing agents during coupling reactions Note that the amidine linkage preserves original primary amine positive charge The disulfide linkage is cleavable by mild reduction. Incorporates an eight atom linker Mw 309.27 Cleavable bifunctional reagent used for cross-linking of membrane proteins and hemoglobin. For the preparation of an activated solid support. Cross-linking of a cytochrome oxidase complex
73912	Ethylene glycol disuccinate di(N-succinimidyl) ester (EGS)	A unique homobifunctionnal SH reactive crosslinker, cleavable[6] Reacts with SH via pyridyldithiol forming a dissulfide bridge 19.9 Å spacer Spacer cleavable by reduction Hydroxylamine cleavable reagent for crosslinking and reversible immobilization of proteins through their primary amine groups MW 456.4
90336	Sebacic acid bis(N-succinimidyl) ester (DSS)	An amine reactive homobifunctional cross-linking reagent[7] Non-cleavable membrane impermeable MW 396.4

References

• [1] Membrane receptor studies, Galardy (1974), Ballmer-Hofer (1982), Wood (1985).
• [2] (a) Useful when harsh oxidation should be avoided, Chen (1995). (b) G. N. Zecherle , et al., Reagent for protein-protein cross-linking via cysteine crosslinking J. Biol. Chem. 267, 5889 (1992).
• [3] (a) Zarling, D. A., Watson, A. and Bach, F. H. (1980). Mapping of lymphocyte surface polypeptide antigens by chemical cross-linking with BSOCOES. J. Immunol. 124, 913-920. (b) Howard, A. D., et.al. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 10833-18039.
• [4] J. Rappsilber , et al., Reagent for cross linking of proteins; the cross link can be cleaved Anal. Chem. 72, 267 (2000).
• [5] (a) K. Wang, F.M. Richards, J. Biol. Chem. 250, 6622 (1975). (b) Y. Eshdat, A. Prujansky-Jakobo., FEBS Lett. 101, 43 (1984). (c) J. Jarausch, B. Kadenbach, Eur. J. Biochem. 146, 211 (1985).
• [6] (a) Useful for studying structure-function relationships. (b) Useful when harsh oxidation should be avoided, Chen (1995). (c) Geisler, N., et al. 1992. Eur. J. Biochem.206, 841. (d) Moenner, M., et al. 1986. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 5024.
• [7] Used for conjugating radiolabeled ligands to cell surface receptors and for detecting conformational changes in membrane proteins. DSouza, S. E., et al. 1988. J. Biol. Chem.263, 3943.

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