Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide emissions are of concern in petroleum refining because they may occur as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels in the catalyst regeneration process. Although scrubbers are employed to prevent caustic emissions, carbon monoxide may still be released. Exposure to carbon monoxide results in headaches, nausea, dizziness, confusion and other symptoms; it affects the central venous system, lungs, and central nervous system.

Exposure Limits
Contaminant/ Agency	Exposure Limit
Carbon Monoxide
OSHA (PEL)	for General Industry: 50 ppm (55 mg/m³) TWA for Construction Industry: 50 ppm (55 mg/m³) TWA for Maritime: 50 ppm (55 mg/m³) TWA
ACGIH (TLV)	25 ppm (29 mg/m³) TWA
NIOSH (REL)	35 ppm (40 mg/m³) TWA; 200 ppm, 229 mg/m³ Ceiling
NIOSH (IDHL)	1200 ppm
(TWA=Time-weighted average; TLV=Threshold Limit Value; PEL=Personal Exposure Limit, REL=Recommended Exposure Limit; IDHL=Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health concentration)

References

US EPA Indoor Air Quality – Carbon Monoxide

OSHA Carbon Monoxide Fact Sheet (PDF)

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