|
|
Food Safety
Emerging Contaminants
|
|
|
Acrylamides
Perchlorate (ClO4-)
Benzene
Perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA)
Phytoestrogens
Acrylamides are found in foods processed at high temperatures such as potato chips, French fries, breakfast cereals, and crisp bread. These compounds have been shown to cause tumors in laboratory animals. Fluka offers an Acrylamide kit to make determination faster and easier with all the necessary standards and solvents for extraction and quantification.
| Related Products |
| Ready-to-use Kit for Acrylamide Determination (72615) |
| SPE Tubes |
| |
Discovery DSC-18, 1g/6mL (52606-U) |
| |
Discovery DSC-MCAX, 300 mg/3mL (52784-U) |
| HPLC Columns |
| |
Discovery HS F5, 15 cm × 4.6 mm I.D., 5 µm particles (567516-U) |
Perchlorate is an anion that originates as a contaminant in ground water and surface waters from the dissolution of ammonium, potassium, magnesium, or sodium salts. It occurs naturally in the environment and is also manufactured as an industrial chemical for use in rocket fuel, fertilizers, fireworks, flares and other explosive products. It has been found to cause problems associated with the thyroid gland as a result of interference with iodide uptake. In 2004, the FDA found the chemical in milk and lettuce from 15 states, including some apparently uncontaminated areas, showing that human exposure may come from more sources than expected.
On August 19, 2009, EPA published a Supplemental Request for Comments Federal Register notice seeking input on additional ways to analyze data related to the regulatory determination of perchlorate. The EPA has set a provisional action level for drinking water of 32 µg/L (ppb) and more states have also established provisional levels, including California, Texas, Nevada and Arizona, with those of California and Nevada currently the most stringent, at 18 µg/L (ppb).
| Applications |
| Highly Sensitive Detection of Organic and Inorganic Anions with Di- or Tricationic LC/MS Additives (Analytix Issue 2, 2009, pg 12-T409022) (pdf) |
| Related Products |
| SPE |
| |
Supelclean ENVI-Carb SPE Cartridge, 500 mg/6 mL (57094) |
| |
Visiprep 24-port SPE Vacuum Manifold (57250-U) |
| Analytical Standards |
| |
Sodium Perchlorate 18O4 (631981) |
| |
Sodium Perchlorate Monohydrate, ACS Reagent (71853) |
Benzene is a volatile organic carbon (VOC) and a known carcinogenic compound with a notorious history for causing cancers in industrial manufacturing applications. In 1990, the FDA found it in carbonated beverages, whereupon further investigation was warranted. It was determined that sodium or potassium benzoate and ascorbic acid in certain conditions (heat and light) produce benzene through a basic chemical reaction in which carbon dioxide is removed (decarboxylation) from the benzoate. The EPA regulates benzene in drinking water but there is no mandate for sodas or other beverages.
| Several country regulatory agencies have set limits on benzene content in drinking water. |
| United States: |
5 ppb |
| *Special State Limits: California, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Florida: |
1 ppb |
| ** The EPA and California have set public health goals for benzene of 0 ppb and 0.15 ppb, respectively |
|
| Canada: |
5 ppb |
| European Union: |
1 ppb |
| Republic of Korea (South Korea): |
10 ppb |
| World Health Organization (WHO): |
10 ppb (benzene should be avoided whenever technically feasible.) |
| Related Products |
| GC Columns |
| |
SPB-624 Capillary Column, 30 m x 0.25 mm I.D, 1.40 µm (24255) |
| |
Equity-1 Capillary Column, 60 m x 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 µm (28047-U) |
| |
SLB-5ms Capillary Column, 30 m x 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 µm (28471-U) |
| Sample Preparation |
| |
Purge Trap J - BTEX |
| Analytical Standards |
| |
Benzene, puriss. p.a. standard for GC, >99.9% (12540) |
| |
OEKANAL Benzene Standard Purity >99% (46186) |
| |
Benzene-d6 Purity >99.6% (175870) |
Perfluoro-octanoic acid is also known as C8 or perfluorooctanoate and does not occur naturally in the environment. It is used to make fluoropolymers for use in products such as non-stick coatings for cookware and weather-proof clothing. PFOAs are persistent organic pollutants, toxic and carcinogenic to animals. It is most often found in human blood rather than in fatty tissues. Previous studies have indicated that PFOA was metabolically inert in mammals, but recent metabolism studies with related fluorochemicals suggested that PFOA might form a glucuronide conjugate. PFOAs have been detected in industrial waste, stain resistant carpets, carpet cleaning liquids, house dust, microwave popcorn bags, water, food, and PTFE. There is uncertainty in how people are exposed to PFOAs. Non-stick cookware coating has been suspected in the past. However, the leading theory is that the most likely route to human exposure is through agricultural means where the land is spread with biosolids (treated sewage sludge).
The US EPA does not have an estabilished limit of exposure for this compound however, a provisional health advisory of 0.4 ppb has been drafted for PFOAs in soil. At this time, manufacturing companies are not mandated to monitor this contaminant.
| Related Products |
| Analytical Standards |
| |
OEKANAL Perfluoroctanoic Acid (33824) |
| HPLC Columns |
| |
Ascentis RP-Amide, 15 cm x 2.1 mm I.D., 3 µm particles (565302-U) |
| |
Ascentis RP-Amide Guard Cartridge Kit (565373-U) |
It is well established, that plants contain substances with estrogenic effects, called phytoestrogens. These substances have been found in numerous plant food products including carrots, peas, lentil, rice, cabbage and soy. They are structurally similar to the mammalian estrogen or estradiol, and show estrogenic properties. However, their estrogenic activity is generally much less than that of human estrogens (estrogenic activity ranges from 1/500 to 1/1000 of the activity of oestradiol). Hence phytoestrogens can act as anti -estrogenic agents by blocking the estrogen receptors and exerting a much weaker estrogenic effect compared with the hormone. As a consequence it has been suggested that they might partly suppress or inhibit normal estrogenic activity in estrogen-responsive tissues such as breast tissue and may reduce the risk of breast cancer. Fluka offers a large number of selected pure flavones, flavonones and isoflavones for the examination of phytoestrogenic effects and analysis of phytoestrogene contents.
|
