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Microbiology Theory
Media Use
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Convenient dehydrated culture media of the highest quality are supplied for the growth of a wide range of heterotrophic organisms. For organisms with more diverse nutritional requirements, Fluka offers a large selection of media ingredients ranging from simple sugars to pH and redox indicators. A selection of commonly used dyes and additives is also included.
Other components, e.g. water soluble salts of trace elements, vitamins, antibiotics amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, chemical agents to induce mutation and inhibitors, etc., can be found in the Fluka catalogue on Chemika-Biochemica.
The Dehydrated Culture Media range is continuously being expanded. Please contact us for further information.
Environmental Analysis
In the field of environmental microbiology most cultures have to be isolated and enriched from their natural habitats. With this in mind, Fluka supplies a range of media additives necessary for specialized media. For the detection and enumeration of microorganisms in complex natural systems such as soil, Fluka offers a range of fluorescent dyes.
|
| Soil Analysis |
|
| 11703 |
Bacillus Medium |
70148 |
Nutrient Agar |
| 70133 |
Blood Agar (Base) |
70116 |
Nutrient Agar No 2 |
| 22310 |
Cereus Selective Agar |
70122 |
Nutrient Broth No 1 |
| 27548 |
Clostridium Agar |
70123 |
Nutrient Broth No 2 |
| 60865 |
Cooked Meat Broth |
70149 |
Nutrient Broth No 3 |
| 70185 |
Czapek Dox Agar |
70151 |
Nutrient Gelatin |
| 48726 |
Gelatine Phosphate Buffer |
77412 |
PGYT Broth |
| 60788 |
King Agar A |
82618 |
PYR Broth |
| 60786 |
King Agar B |
83331 |
PYS Broth |
| 61348 |
Lactose Gelatin Broth |
88199 |
TG Broth |
| 14305 |
Motility Nitrate Agar |
93745 |
TSC Agar |
| 72548 |
Nitrate Broth |
70196 |
Wort Agar |
| Water Analysis |
|
| 00185 |
Acetamide Nutrient Broth |
44657 |
ECD MUG Agar |
| 70132 |
Azide Blood Agar (Base) |
70137 |
ENDO Agar (Base) |
| 11539 |
Azide Glucose Broth |
45183 |
Enterococcus Selective Agar |
| 48300 |
Bile Esculin Agar |
70187 |
Glucose Broth |
| 70133 |
Blood Agar (Base) |
50875 |
GSP Agar |
| 16016 |
BRILA MUG Broth |
60641 |
KF-Streptococcus Agar |
| 16750 |
Bromocresol Purple Azide Broth |
60786 |
King Agar B |
| 22470 |
Cetrimide Agar |
70142 |
Lactose Broth |
| 70135 |
DCLS Agar |
61749 |
Lauryl sulfate Broth |
| 31432 |
DEV ENDO Agar |
70143 |
Mac Conkey Agar No 1 |
| 31433 |
DEV Gelatin Agar |
70144 |
Mac Conkey Broth |
| 31434 |
DEV Glucose Broth |
63014 |
Mac Conkey MUG Agar |
| 31435 |
DEV Glutamate Broth |
63163 |
Malachite Green Broth |
| 31436 |
DEV Lactose Broth |
70148 |
Nutrient Agar |
| 31437 |
DEV Lactose Peptone Broth |
70116 |
Nutrient AgarNo2 |
| 31401 |
DEV Lactose Peptone MUG Broth |
70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
| 31438 |
DEV Nutrient Agar |
80961 |
Plate Count MUG Agar |
| 31439 |
DEV Nutrient Gelatin |
85463 |
Simmons Citrate Agar |
| 31406 |
DEV Tryptophan Broth |
86348 |
TCBS Agar |
| 44653 |
EC Broth |
70159 |
Tryptone Glucose Extract Agar |
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Food and water contaminated by microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts), viruses and protozoa can cause severe disease in humans, especially in people weakened by illness or during convalescence, malnutrition, etc.
There are two categories of foodborne diseases. First, food poisoning is caused by the presence of microbial toxins in food products, e.g. by Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens (both produce enterotoxins which elicit enteric disease such as. diarrhoea) and Clostridium botulinum (botulism the most severe type of food poisoning).
Second, food infection is caused by the growth of microorganisms in the body after eating contaminated food, e.g. by Salmonella spp. (salmomonellosis) and Campylobacter jejuni (high fever, abdominal cramps). Many human pathogens are transmitted by fecally contaminated water, the most important are Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever) and Vibrio cholerae (cholera). Microbiological test procedures for the examination of food and water have been standardized and regulated, but nearly every country has its own regulations, the "Schweizerisches Lebensmittelhandbuch" being a case in point. All the necessary culture media, their additives, dyes and indicators which Fluka offers conform to Swiss regulations.
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Drinking Water, Mineral- and Table Water |
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95388 |
Bismuth Sulfide Agar |
|
70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
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70134 |
Brilliant Green Agar (modified) |
|
70153 |
Selenite Broth (Base) |
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16025 |
Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth |
|
85463 |
Simmons Citrate Agar |
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22470 |
Cetrimide Agar |
|
85640 |
SS-Agar |
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70135 |
DCLS Agar |
|
88151 |
Tetrathionate Broth |
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70137 |
ENDO Agar (Base) |
|
70156 |
TetrathionateBroth(Base) |
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47706 |
Formate Ricinoleate Broth |
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44940 |
Triple Sugar Iron Agar |
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70143 |
MacConkey Agar No 1 |
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22092 |
Tryptic Soy Broth |
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63163 |
Malachite Green Broth |
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70159 |
TryptoneGlucoseExtractAgar |
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69150 |
Methyl Red Voges Proskauer Broth |
|
70194 |
Tryptone water |
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70149 |
Nutrient Broth No 3 |
|
51463 |
Urea Broth |
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77185 |
Peptone Water |
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70188 |
Violet Red Bile Agar |
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78052 |
Phenylalanine Agar |
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Beer and Wine |
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10825 |
APT Agar |
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70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
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30912 |
DeMan-Rogosa-Sharpe Agar |
|
83410 |
Raka Ray No3 Broth |
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70143 |
Mac Conkey Agar No 1 |
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70196 |
Wort Agar |
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69964 |
MRS Agar |
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Fruits and Vegetables |
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11705 |
Baird Parker Agar |
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70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
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16025 |
Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth |
|
70159 |
Tryptone Glucose Extract Agar |
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61749 |
Lauryl sulfate Broth |
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11705 |
Baird Parker Agar |
|
70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
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44653 |
EC Broth |
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70139 |
Potato Glucose Agar |
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61749 |
Lauryl sulfate Broth |
|
70159 |
Tryptone Glucose Extract Agar |
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70145 |
Malt Extract Agar |
|
70188 |
Violet Red Bile Agar |
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Sour Vegetables, Vinegar |
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10825 |
APT Agar |
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69965 |
Mossel Broth |
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11539 |
Azide Glucose Broth |
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70148 |
Nutrient Agar |
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11853 |
Barnes Agar |
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70116 |
Nutrient Agar No 2 |
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16025 |
Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth |
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70139 |
Potato Glucose Agar |
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27544 |
Clostridial Differential Broth |
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83920 |
Rogosa Agar |
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27546 |
Clostridial Nutrient Medium |
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84086 |
Sabouraud 2% Glucose Agar |
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61724 |
Liver Broth |
|
70188 |
Violet Red Bile Agar |
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70145 |
Malt Extract Agar |
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96005 |
ZATK Agar |
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Corn and Corn Products |
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11539 |
Azide Glucose Broth |
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70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
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11705 |
Baird Parker Agar |
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70139 |
Potato Glucose Agar |
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95388 |
Bismuth sulfite Agar |
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82618 |
PYR Broth |
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53286 |
Brain Heart Broth |
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83331 |
PYS Broth |
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16025 |
Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth |
|
84922 |
Selenite Cystine Broth |
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16026 |
Brilliant Green Phenol Red Lactose Sucrose Agar |
|
85463 |
Simmons Citrate Agar |
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27546 |
Clostridial Nutrient Medium |
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85640 |
SS-Agar |
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44653 |
EC Broth |
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70156 |
Tetrathionate Broth (Base) |
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70141 |
Koser Citrate Broth |
|
88148 |
Tetrathionate Enrichment Broth according to Muller-Kauffmann |
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61348 |
Lactose Gelatin Broth |
|
44940 |
Triple Sugar Iron Agar |
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61749 |
Lauryl sulfate Broth |
|
93745 |
TSC Agar |
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62087 |
Levine EMB Agar |
|
51463 |
Urea Broth |
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62915 |
Lysine Iron Agar |
|
70188 |
Violet Red Bile Agar |
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70143 |
MacConkey Agar No l |
|
70195 |
Vogel-Johnson Agar |
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14305 |
Motility Nitrate Agar |
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Sugar |
| |
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31415 |
Dextrose Caseinpeptone Agar |
|
70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
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61724 |
Liver Broth |
|
70139 |
Potato Glucose Agar |
| |
70148 |
Nutrient Agar |
|
84086 |
Sabouraud 2% Glucose Agar |
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70116 |
Nutrient Agar No 2 |
|
70196 |
Wort Agar |
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75405 |
Orange-serum Agar |
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Cocoa, Chocolate and Sweets |
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11539 |
Azide Glucose Broth |
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62895 |
Lysine Decarboxylase Salt Broth |
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11705 |
Baird Parker Agar |
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62915 |
Lysine Iron Agar |
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48300 |
Bile Esculin Agar |
|
70143 |
Mac Conkey Agar No 1 |
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95388 |
Bismuth sulfite Agar |
|
69150 |
Methyl Red Voges Proskauer Broth |
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53286 |
Brain Heart Broth |
|
72548 |
Nitrate Broth |
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16025 |
Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth |
|
70151 |
Nutrient Gelatin |
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16026 |
Brilliant Green Phenol Red Lactose Sucrose Agar |
|
70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
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44653 |
EC Broth |
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70139 |
Potato Glucose Agar |
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51490 |
Hektoen Enteric Agar |
|
84922 |
Selenite Cystine Broth |
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60641 |
KF-Streptococcus Agar |
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85640 |
SS-Agar |
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60787 |
Kligler Agar |
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44940 |
Triple Sugar Iron Agar |
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70141 |
Koser Citrate Broth |
|
70194 |
Tryptone water |
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61348 |
Lactose Gelatin Broth |
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93745 |
TSC Agar |
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61749 |
Lauryl sulfate Broth |
|
51463 |
Urea Broth |
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62087 |
Levine EMB Agar |
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70189 |
Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar |
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95586 |
XLD Agar |
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Spices |
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11705 |
Baird Parker Agar |
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69150 |
Methyl Red Voges Proskauer Broth |
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48300 |
Bile Esculin Agar |
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14305 |
Motility Nitrate Agar |
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95388 |
Bismuth sulfite Agar |
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70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
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53286 |
Brain Heart Broth |
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82618 |
PYR Broth |
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16025 |
Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth |
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83331 |
PYS Broth |
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22520 |
China Blue Lactose Agar |
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83920 |
Rogosa Agar |
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70185 |
Czapek Dox Agar |
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85640 |
SS-Agar |
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44653 |
EC Broth |
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88148 |
Tetrathionate Enrichment Broth according to Muller-Kauffmann |
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60641 |
KF-Streptococcus Agar |
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44940 |
Triple Sugar Iron Agar |
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70141 |
Koser Citrate Broth |
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93745 |
TSC Agar |
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61348 |
Lactose Gelatin Broth |
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70188 |
Violet Red Bile Agar |
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61749 |
Lauryl suIfate Broth |
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70195 |
Vogel-Johnson Agar |
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62087 |
Levine EMB Agar |
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70196 |
Wort Agar |
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61724 |
Liver Broth |
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62915 |
Lysine Iron Agar |
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Meat |
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10825 |
APT Agar |
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72548 |
Nitrate Broth |
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11705 |
Baird Parker Agar |
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70116 |
Nutrient Agar No 2 |
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95388 |
Bismuth sulfite Agar |
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70151 |
Nutrient Gelatin |
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70133 |
Blood Agar (Base) |
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75315 |
OF Test Nutrient Agar |
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53286 |
Brain Heart Broth |
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77187 |
Peptone Water phosphate-buffered |
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27048 |
Christensen’s Urea Agar |
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70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
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44653 |
EC Broth |
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85463 |
Simmons Citrate Agar |
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48905 |
Giolitti Cantoni Broth |
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85640 |
SS-Agar |
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70187 |
Glucose Broth |
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88151 |
Tetrathionate Broth |
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60641 |
KF-Streptococcus Agar |
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44940 |
Triple Sugar Iron Agar |
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61348 |
Lactose Gelatin Broth |
|
70194 |
Tryptone water |
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61749 |
Lauryl suIfate Broth |
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93745 |
TSC Agar |
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62087 |
Levine EMB Agar |
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51463 |
Urea Broth |
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62895 |
Lysine Decarboxylase Salt Broth |
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70189 |
Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar |
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62915 |
Lysine Iron Agar |
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70195 |
Vogel-Johnson Agar |
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70143 |
Mac Conkey Agar No 1 |
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Fresh and Frozen Fish |
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10825 |
APT Agar |
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70152 |
Plate Count Agar |
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70134 |
Brilliant Green Agar (modified) |
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83920 |
Rogosa Agar |
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16025 |
Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth |
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85627 |
SPS Agar |
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44653 |
EC Broth |
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86348 |
TCBS Agar |
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49281 |
Glucose Salt Teepol Broth |
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91015 |
Tributyrin Agar |
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50875 |
GSP Agar |
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44940 |
Triple Sugar Iron Agar |
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61749 |
Lauryl sulfate Broth |
|
93745 |
TSC Agar |
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62087 |
Levine EMB Agar |
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93735 |
TSN Agar |
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69965 |
Mossel Broth |
|
70188 |
Violet Red Bile Agar |
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69964 |
MRS Agar |
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70195 |
Vogel-Johnson Agar |
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75405 |
Orange-serum Agar |
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96005 |
ZATK Agar |
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Selection of Culture Media
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| Organisms |
Description (Occurrence and Mode of Action) |
Operation |
Culture Media (Fluka Product Number) |
Ref |
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| Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus |
Moulds which form aflatoxins (cancerogenic) |
Examination: Cultivation: |
PYIA (77198) Potato Dextrose Agar (70139) |
1 3 |
|
| Bacillus cereus |
Soil bacteria, food poisoning (enterotoxins) |
Examination: |
MYP (22310) or PEMBA (-) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
NG (70151), NB (72 548), BA (70133) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Nutrient Agar (70148), Bacillus Broth (11703) |
3 |
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| Bacillus subtilis |
Use for biotechnology, for teaching |
Cultivation: |
Nutrient Agar (70148) Bacillus Broth (11703) |
3 |
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| Brucelia abortus and melitensis |
Spontaneous abortion (cattle) Brucellosis (milk or meat from infected animals) |
Examination: |
BSA(-)
|
1 |
|
| Campylobacter jejeuni |
Contaminated food (especially poultry), high fever, diarrhoe |
Enrichment: Isolation:
|
CEB (22124) CSA (= BA (70133) + Bacitracin (11 704) + Cycloheximide (01810) Colistin sulfate (-) + Cefazolin (22127)(-) + Novobiocin (74675)) |
1 1 |
| Confirmation: |
HIB (53275) BA (70133) or TSB (20092) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Blood Agar (70133) |
3 |
|
| Clostridium botulinum |
Soil or water bacteria, improperly preserved food, botulism (neurological disease, botulinum toxins are the most poisonous known substances for man) |
Detection test for toxins: |
GPB (48726)
|
1 |
| Enrichment: |
CM (60865) or PGYT (77412) |
1 |
| Isolation: |
LVEY (-) |
1 |
| Confirmation. |
CM (60865) or PGYT (77412) and LVEY (-) |
1 |
|
| Clostridium perfringens |
Anaerobic soil bacteria, food poisoning and gas gangrene (enterotoxin) |
Examination: |
TSC (93745) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
TG (88159), TSC (93745), MN (14305), LG (61348), PYS (83331) and PYR (82618) |
1 |
Cultivation, Enumeration: |
Clostridium Agar (27548) |
2 |
|
| Coliformes |
Intestinal bacteria, contamination by faeces (lakes, rivers, swimming pools) |
Enumeration: |
LST-Broth (61749) |
6 |
|
| E. coli |
Intestinal bacteria (indicator for contamination by faeces), food poisoning (certain strains cause gastroenteritis), use in molecular biology |
MPN-Method: |
LST Broth (61749), BGB (16025) and PW (70179) |
1,6
|
| Membrane filter method: |
TSA (22091) and ECD (44655) |
1,5 |
| Cultivation: |
Nutrient Agar (70148) |
3 |
| Fluorogenic test: |
LST-Mug (62634) |
6 |
|
| Enterobacteria |
Intestinal bacteria, contamination of food, insufficient pasteurisation and sterilisation, recontamination |
Examination: |
VRBG (70189) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
TSA (22091) and OF (75315) |
1 |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| Lactobacilli |
Preparation of fermented food (yoghurt, sauerkraut, pickles) |
Enumeration: |
MRS (30912) |
1 |
|
| Listeria monocytogenes |
Intracellular pathogen (listeriosis, especially dangerous for the elderly and in pregnancy or diabetics); Contamination of raw milk and processed milk products |
Enrichment: |
LEB/FDA (61775) or LEB l/FSIS (-) or LEB Il/FSIS (-) |
1 |
| Selection: |
MCB (63595) and AC (01677) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
BA (70133) and RHB (83655) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
BHI (53286) |
3 |
|
| Mesophilic aerobes |
Indication of a possible contamination of the raw material, insufficient hygiene, poor storage or possible pathogenic microorganisms |
Enumeration: |
PC (70152), APT (10825) |
1 |
| Examination. |
SFP (85075) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Nutrient Broth (70149) or Nutrient Agar (70116) |
4 |
| |
|
|
|
| Mesophilic anaerobes |
Indication of a possible conta- mination of the raw material, insufficient hygiene, poor storage or possible patho- genic microorganisms |
Enumeration: |
BHIA (70138) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Thiogycolate Broth (70157) or Blood Agar Base (70133) |
4 |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Primarily a soil bacteria, food poisoning, cause of various infections (e.g. burns, urinary and respiratory tract) |
Agar plate method: |
CET (22470)
|
1 |
Membrane filter method |
CET (22470) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
CET (22470), KINGA (60788) and KINGB (60786) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Nutrient Agar (70148) |
3 |
|
| Salmonella spp. |
S. typhi and paratyphi: Typhoid fever or paratyphoid from contaminated food and water; Other species: Foodborne gastro enteritis (e.g. raw eggs) |
Preculture: |
BPB (77187) |
1,5 |
| Enrichment |
EE (69965), TB (88151), SB (70153) RB (84370) |
1 |
| Selection: |
BGA (16026), XLD (95586), SS (85640) or BS (95388) |
1 |
| Differentiation |
TSI (44940) and PA (78052) |
1 |
|
| Shigella spp. |
Enteric bacteria, contaminated food and water, Shigella dysenteriae (dysentery) |
Preculture: |
BPB (77187) |
1 |
| Enrichment |
GN (50738), EE (69965) or SB (70153) |
1 |
| Selection: |
HEA (51490),DCLS (70135),SS (85640) or XLD (95586) |
1 |
| Differentiation |
TSI (44940) and PA (78052) |
1 |
| Cultivation |
Nutrient Agar (70148) |
3 |
|
| Soil bacteria |
Various functions |
Enumeration: |
Nutrient Agar (70148) or Plate Count Agar (70152) |
4 |
|
| Soil fungi |
Various functions |
Isolation: Enumeration: |
Czapek Dox Agar (70185) or Malt Extract Agar (70145) |
4 |
|
| Staphylococcus aureus |
Common parasite of human and animals, produces several enterotoxins, food poisoning (vomiting and diarrhoea), pyrogenic and respiratory infections |
Enumeration: |
CTNA (-) and TDNA (-) |
1 |
| MPN-Method: |
GC (48905) and WA (05039) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
BHI (53286) and BA (70133) |
1 |
Isolation, differentiation: |
Staphylococcus Agar (70193) |
2 |
| Cultivation: |
Nutrient Agar (70148) |
3 |
|
| Streptococcus faecalis and faecium (Enterococci) |
Intestinal bacteria, but lives also on plants. Indicator of insufficient hygiene (together with E. coli indicates presence of fecal material) |
Agarplate method: |
m-ENT(11853) |
|
| Membrane filter method: |
m-ENT(11853) |
|
| Confirmation: |
BHI (53286), BHIS (14315), BEA (48300) |
|
|
| Streptococcus pyogenes |
Systemic in respiratory tract, cause of infectious diseases (e.g. scarlet fever) |
Examination. |
|
|
| Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus |
For yoghurt production (together with Lactobacillus bulgaricus) |
Enumeration. |
M17 (63016) |
|
|
| Vibrio cholerae |
Water contaminated with human faeces, cholera enterotoxin (life-threatening diarrhoea) |
Examination: |
APW (70179, pH 8.7) and TCBS (86348) |
|
|
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
Marine bacteria, foodborne disease (gasteroentritis from raw sea food) |
Preparation: |
N3P (Peptone + 3 % NaCI) |
1 |
Enrichment (MPN): |
GSTP (49281) |
1 |
| Isolation |
TCBS (86348) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
TSIS (44940 + NaCI), TSSA (22093) or TSSB (22094) |
1 |
| Differentiation: |
TSSA (22093), LDSB (62895), PSB (70169) + 70161 + NaCI), TSSB (22094), MR-VPS (69150), OFS (75315)+NaCI) and WAGA (92275) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Sea Water Agar (= 70164 + Peptone + 05039 + Sea water + Tap water) |
3 |
|
| Yeasts and moulds |
Can effect predisposition to infectious disease. Moulds can form mycotoxins (e.g. aflatoxins) |
Enumeration: |
PYA (77196) |
1 |
| Enumeration: |
Wort-Agar(70196) |
2 |
| Cultivation: |
Wort-Agar (70196), Sabouraud Agar (84086) or Malt Extract Agar (70145) |
2,4 |
|
| Yersinia enterocolitica |
Water and foodborne pathogen (especially pork) |
Preculture: |
YER(96757) |
1 |
| Enrichment: |
BOS (15830) |
1 |
| Isolation: |
CIN (95760) |
1 |
| Confirmation. |
KIA (60787), CUA (27048), SACB (84107) and SALB (84155) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
BHI (53286) |
3 |
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