|
| Organisms |
Description (Occurrence and Mode of Action) |
Operation |
Culture Media (Fluka Product Number) |
Ref |
|
| Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus |
Moulds which form aflatoxins (cancerogenic) |
Examination: Cultivation: |
PYIA (77198) Potato Dextrose Agar (70139) |
1 3 |
|
| Bacillus cereus |
Soil bacteria, food poisoning (enterotoxins) |
Examination: |
MYP (22310) or PEMBA (-) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
NG (70151), NB (72 548), BA (70133) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Nutrient Agar (70148), Bacillus Broth (11703) |
3 |
|
| Bacillus subtilis |
Use for biotechnology, for teaching |
Cultivation: |
Nutrient Agar (70148) Bacillus Broth (11703) |
3 |
|
| Brucelia abortus and melitensis |
Spontaneous abortion (cattle) Brucellosis (milk or meat from infected animals) |
Examination: |
BSA(-)
|
1 |
|
| Campylobacter jejeuni |
Contaminated food (especially poultry), high fever, diarrhoe |
Enrichment: Isolation:
|
CEB (22124) CSA (= BA (70133) + Bacitracin (11 704) + Cycloheximide (01810) Colistin sulfate (-) + Cefazolin (22127)(-) + Novobiocin (74675)) |
1 1 |
| Confirmation: |
HIB (53275) BA (70133) or TSB (20092) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Blood Agar (70133) |
3 |
|
| Clostridium botulinum |
Soil or water bacteria, improperly preserved food, botulism (neurological disease, botulinum toxins are the most poisonous known substances for man) |
Detection test for toxins: |
GPB (48726)
|
1 |
| Enrichment: |
CM (60865) or PGYT (77412) |
1 |
| Isolation: |
LVEY (-) |
1 |
| Confirmation. |
CM (60865) or PGYT (77412) and LVEY (-) |
1 |
|
| Clostridium perfringens |
Anaerobic soil bacteria, food poisoning and gas gangrene (enterotoxin) |
Examination: |
TSC (93745) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
TG (88159), TSC (93745), MN (14305), LG (61348), PYS (83331) and PYR (82618) |
1 |
Cultivation, Enumeration: |
Clostridium Agar (27548) |
2 |
|
| Coliformes |
Intestinal bacteria, contamination by faeces (lakes, rivers, swimming pools) |
Enumeration: |
LST-Broth (61749) |
6 |
|
| E. coli |
Intestinal bacteria (indicator for contamination by faeces), food poisoning (certain strains cause gastroenteritis), use in molecular biology |
MPN-Method: |
LST Broth (61749), BGB (16025) and PW (70179) |
1,6
|
| Membrane filter method: |
TSA (22091) and ECD (44655) |
1,5 |
| Cultivation: |
Nutrient Agar (70148) |
3 |
| Fluorogenic test: |
LST-Mug (62634) |
6 |
|
| Enterobacteria |
Intestinal bacteria, contamination of food, insufficient pasteurisation and sterilisation, recontamination |
Examination: |
VRBG (70189) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
TSA (22091) and OF (75315) |
1 |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| Lactobacilli |
Preparation of fermented food (yoghurt, sauerkraut, pickles) |
Enumeration: |
MRS (30912) |
1 |
|
| Listeria monocytogenes |
Intracellular pathogen (listeriosis, especially dangerous for the elderly and in pregnancy or diabetics); Contamination of raw milk and processed milk products |
Enrichment: |
LEB/FDA (61775) or LEB l/FSIS (-) or LEB Il/FSIS (-) |
1 |
| Selection: |
MCB (63595) and AC (01677) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
BA (70133) and RHB (83655) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
BHI (53286) |
3 |
|
| Mesophilic aerobes |
Indication of a possible contamination of the raw material, insufficient hygiene, poor storage or possible pathogenic microorganisms |
Enumeration: |
PC (70152), APT (10825) |
1 |
| Examination. |
SFP (85075) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Nutrient Broth (70149) or Nutrient Agar (70116) |
4 |
| |
|
|
|
| Mesophilic anaerobes |
Indication of a possible conta- mination of the raw material, insufficient hygiene, poor storage or possible patho- genic microorganisms |
Enumeration: |
BHIA (70138) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Thiogycolate Broth (70157) or Blood Agar Base (70133) |
4 |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Primarily a soil bacteria, food poisoning, cause of various infections (e.g. burns, urinary and respiratory tract) |
Agar plate method: |
CET (22470)
|
1 |
Membrane filter method |
CET (22470) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
CET (22470), KINGA (60788) and KINGB (60786) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Nutrient Agar (70148) |
3 |
|
| Salmonella spp. |
S. typhi and paratyphi: Typhoid fever or paratyphoid from contaminated food and water; Other species: Foodborne gastro enteritis (e.g. raw eggs) |
Preculture: |
BPB (77187) |
1,5 |
| Enrichment |
EE (69965), TB (88151), SB (70153) RB (84370) |
1 |
| Selection: |
BGA (16026), XLD (95586), SS (85640) or BS (95388) |
1 |
| Differentiation |
TSI (44940) and PA (78052) |
1 |
|
| Shigella spp. |
Enteric bacteria, contaminated food and water, Shigella dysenteriae (dysentery) |
Preculture: |
BPB (77187) |
1 |
| Enrichment |
GN (50738), EE (69965) or SB (70153) |
1 |
| Selection: |
HEA (51490),DCLS (70135),SS (85640) or XLD (95586) |
1 |
| Differentiation |
TSI (44940) and PA (78052) |
1 |
| Cultivation |
Nutrient Agar (70148) |
3 |
|
| Soil bacteria |
Various functions |
Enumeration: |
Nutrient Agar (70148) or Plate Count Agar (70152) |
4 |
|
| Soil fungi |
Various functions |
Isolation: Enumeration: |
Czapek Dox Agar (70185) or Malt Extract Agar (70145) |
4 |
|
| Staphylococcus aureus |
Common parasite of human and animals, produces several enterotoxins, food poisoning (vomiting and diarrhoea), pyrogenic and respiratory infections |
Enumeration: |
CTNA (-) and TDNA (-) |
1 |
| MPN-Method: |
GC (48905) and WA (05039) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
BHI (53286) and BA (70133) |
1 |
Isolation, differentiation: |
Staphylococcus Agar (70193) |
2 |
| Cultivation: |
Nutrient Agar (70148) |
3 |
|
| Streptococcus faecalis and faecium (Enterococci) |
Intestinal bacteria, but lives also on plants. Indicator of insufficient hygiene (together with E. coli indicates presence of fecal material) |
Agarplate method: |
m-ENT(11853) |
|
| Membrane filter method: |
m-ENT(11853) |
|
| Confirmation: |
BHI (53286), BHIS (14315), BEA (48300) |
|
|
| Streptococcus pyogenes |
Systemic in respiratory tract, cause of infectious diseases (e.g. scarlet fever) |
Examination. |
|
|
| Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus |
For yoghurt production (together with Lactobacillus bulgaricus) |
Enumeration. |
M17 (63016) |
|
|
| Vibrio cholerae |
Water contaminated with human faeces, cholera enterotoxin (life-threatening diarrhoea) |
Examination: |
APW (70179, pH 8.7) and TCBS (86348) |
|
|
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
Marine bacteria, foodborne disease (gasteroentritis from raw sea food) |
Preparation: |
N3P (Peptone + 3 % NaCI) |
1 |
Enrichment (MPN): |
GSTP (49281) |
1 |
| Isolation |
TCBS (86348) |
1 |
| Confirmation: |
TSIS (44940 + NaCI), TSSA (22093) or TSSB (22094) |
1 |
| Differentiation: |
TSSA (22093), LDSB (62895), PSB (70169) + 70161 + NaCI), TSSB (22094), MR-VPS (69150), OFS (75315)+NaCI) and WAGA (92275) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
Sea Water Agar (= 70164 + Peptone + 05039 + Sea water + Tap water) |
3 |
|
| Yeasts and moulds |
Can effect predisposition to infectious disease. Moulds can form mycotoxins (e.g. aflatoxins) |
Enumeration: |
PYA (77196) |
1 |
| Enumeration: |
Wort-Agar(70196) |
2 |
| Cultivation: |
Wort-Agar (70196), Sabouraud Agar (84086) or Malt Extract Agar (70145) |
2,4 |
|
| Yersinia enterocolitica |
Water and foodborne pathogen (especially pork) |
Preculture: |
YER(96757) |
1 |
| Enrichment: |
BOS (15830) |
1 |
| Isolation: |
CIN (95760) |
1 |
| Confirmation. |
KIA (60787), CUA (27048), SACB (84107) and SALB (84155) |
1 |
| Cultivation: |
BHI (53286) |
3 |
|