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Titration
Volumetric Solutions
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The production and quality assurance of FIXANAL® ampoules are subject to strict requirements. The continuous production lines provides a high degree of reliability for the specified titer guarantees. The special sealing process of the FIXANAL® ampoules leads to the best possible storage stability.
Every FIXANAL® ampoule contains precisely the amount of concentrate necessary for a ready-to-use reagent or buffer solution. It is only necessary to dilute the concentrate to the desired final volume. Usually, the concentrates are diluted to 1 l for reagents and 0.5 l for buffer solutions. Other concentrations of substances can be achieved by other dilution volumes.
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| The ampoules are made of high-resistance polyethylene and have an attached funnel (see image aside). Simply twisting the ampoules opens the bottom outlet, a specially developed rinsing funnel facilitates the simple perforation of the diaphragm. The integrated deflector accelerates the complete rinsing of the concentrate. To make it easier for the user to mark the reagents, the ampoules are provided with self-adhesive labels, which can be easily attached to the storage vessel in the laboratory. |
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Calculate the final concentration of your desired standard solution!
Dilution table for FIXANAL concentrates of acids, bases and salts:
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Dilution volume
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Amount of
substance (mol) |
0.5 L
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1 L
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2 L
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5 L
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10 L
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| 0.005 |
0.01 |
0.005 |
0.0025 |
0.001 |
0.0005 |
| 0.01 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.005 |
0.002 |
0.001 |
| 0.025 |
0.05 |
0.025 |
0.0125 |
0.005 |
0.0025 |
| 0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
| 0.2 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
| 0.25 |
0.5 |
0.25 |
0.125 |
0.05 |
0.025 |
| 0.5 |
1 |
0.5 |
0.25 |
0.1 |
0.05 |
| 1 |
2 |
1 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
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Final concentration of solution (mol/L)
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The water used in dilution should be distilled and degassed, otherwise sluggish endpoints or changes of titer can occur.
Note: This table is not applicable for FIXANAL buffer concentrates
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If made necessary by the chemical properties, the products are contained in black pigmented PE ampoules or in glass ampoules without the twist-opening mechanism. Naturally, all ready-to-use solutions and FIXANAL® concentrates are calibrated against independently produced reference standards. All chemicals and test equipment are examined according to the rules of DIN EN ISO 9001 and DIN EN ISO 14001.
 Today, the range of FIXANAL® ampoules encompasses:
- Reagent solutions
- Buffer solutions
- Complexometry
Detailed product list of FIXANAL concentrates
Increasing automation and the escalating requirements of existing quality monitoring systems make the use of ready-to-use solutions necessary in many applications. In comparison with FIXANAL® concentrates, ready-to-use solutions yield a higher titer precision, but can be used immediately.
Titer precision at 20°C
FIXANAL®-Concentrates: T=1±0.2 %
Ready-to-Use Solutions: T=1±0.1 %
Detailed product list of ready-to-use volumetric solutions
| Volpac® Solution Container |
 Apart from the customary package sizes up to 5 L, the Sigma-Aldrich portfolio also includes special 5 and 10 L VOLPAC solution containers when larger quantities of ready-to-use solutions are needed. VOLPAC containers consist of a rugged cardboard cube containing a flexible inner polyethylene bag with an outlet tap. As the solution is withdrawn, the polyethylene bag collapses, preventing influx and contamination by laboratory air. Also, because there is no room for volume expansion, the evaporation and condensation of water that increase the error of the titer is prevented. With each VOLPAC container, an adapter is provided for direct connection of the outlet tap to a titration tube.
Advantages of VOLPAC containers:
- Titration without contamination
- High titer precision
- No condensation and no evaporation of water
- Easy handling and easy disposal
- Low-volume packaging material, completely recyclable
Detailed product list of Volpac® solution containers
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