APP - amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein
Entrez Gene Name: amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein
Entrez GeneID: Human(351)
, Mouse(11820), Rat(54226)
, Mouse(11820), Rat(54226) Synonyms: A beta 25-35, A-BETA 40, A-BETA 42, A-beta peptide, AAA, ABETA, Abeta amyloid peptide, ABPP, AD1, Adap, AL024401, AMYLOID BETA, AMYLOID BETA 40, AMYLOID BETA 40 HUMAN, AMYLOID BETA 42, Amyloid beta A4, AMYLOID BETA PEPTIDE 40, Amyloid precursor, Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, APP, App alpha, APP isoform 1, APPI, appican, Beta amyloid peptide, BETA PP, BETAAPP, CTFgamma, CVAP, E030013M08RIK, Nexin II, P3, PN2, PreA4, PROTEASE NEXIN2
Gene Summary
- Human (351): This gene encodes a cell surface receptor and transmembrane precursor protein that is cleaved by secretases to form a number of peptides. Some of these peptides are secreted and can bind to the acetyltransferase complex APBB1/TIP60 to promote transcriptional activation, while others form the protein basis of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and cerebroarterial amyloidosis (cerebral amyloid angiopathy). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]
- Rat (54226): activates voltage dependent calcium channels; may induce neuronal apoptosis [RGD]
Molecular Functions | Biological Process | Cellular Components | Protein Domains | Subcellular Locations | Pathways | Literature References | IPA Extras
Cell Regulation
Biological Process
adult locomotory behavior, apoptosis, axon cargo transport, axon midline choice point recognition, axonogenesis, cell adhesion, cell death, cellular copper ion homeostasis, collateral sprouting in the absence of injury, dendrite development, endocytosis, extracellular matrix organization, forebrain development, G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway, locomotory behavior, mating behavior, mRNA polyadenylation, neuromuscular process, neuromuscular process controlling balance, neuron projection development, neuron remodeling, Notch signaling pathway, positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, protein amino acid phosphorylation, regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity, regulation of multicellular organism growth, regulation of synapse structure and activity, regulation of translation, smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis, suckling behavior, synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction, visual learning
Cellular Components
apical part of cell, axon, cell surface, ciliary rootlet, coated pit, cytoplasm, cytoplasmic vesicle, extracellular region, Golgi apparatus, integral to membrane, integral to plasma membrane, membrane, membrane fraction, neuromuscular junction, neuron projection, perinuclear region of cytoplasm, plasma membrane, platelet alpha granule lumen, spindle midzone, synaptosome
Literature References
- 18400162Cirrito JR, Kang JE, Lee J, Stewart FR, Verges DK, Silverio LM, Bu G, Mennerick S, Holtzman DM. Endocytosis is required for synaptic activity-dependent release of amyloid-beta in vivo.Neuron 2008 Apr 10;58(1):42-51
- 18059472Martins IC, Kuperstein I, Wilkinson H, Maes E, Vanbrabant M, Jonckheere W, Van Gelder P, Hartmann D, D'Hooge R, De Strooper B, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F. Lipids revert inert Abeta amyloid fibrils to neurotoxic protofibrils that affect learning in mice.EMBO J 2008 Jan 09;27(1):224-33
- 17554300Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls.Nature 2007 06 7;447(7145):661-78 View 14866 categorized literature findings and their references in IPA
Molecular Functions
acetylcholine receptor binding, binding, copper ion binding, DNA binding, endopeptidase inhibitor activity, heparin binding, identical protein binding, iron ion binding, metal ion binding, peptidase activator activity, protein binding, serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity, zinc ion binding
Protein Domains
Amyloid beta domain, carboxy terminal domain, Caspase cleavage site, copper binding domain, cytoplasmic domain, cytosolic tail domain, DNA binding, ectodomain, extracellular domain, Fe65 binding domain, intracellular domain, Kunitz domain, N-terminal domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain, protease activator, protein binding, protein self binding, serine protease inhibitor, signal peptide, zinc binding domain
Subcellular Locations
actin filaments, annulate lamellae, axonal shafts, axons, caveolar membranes, cell body, cell periphery, cell surface, cellular membrane, centrosome, chromaffin vesicles, clathrin-coated vesicles, cytoplasm, cytosol, dendrites, detergent insoluble microdomains, detergent-insoluble fractions, detergent-insoluble membrane fraction, detergent-soluble fraction, detergent-soluble membrane fractions, early endosomal fractions, early endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic reticulum fraction, endosomes, filopodia, glial limiting membrane, Golgi apparatus, Golgi-enriched fraction, golgi/trans-golgi network-rich vesicle fraction, growth cone, intracellular space, lamellipodia, late endosomes, low-density microsomal fraction, lysosome, membrane fraction, membrane rafts, microtubules, mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, nerve ending, neurites, nucleus, perinuclear region, peripheral lamellae, plasma, plasma membrane, plasma membrane fraction, raft fractions, secretory vesicles, soluble fraction, synapse, synaptic plasma membrane fractions, synaptic vesicles, synaptosomal membrane fractions, synaptosomes, trans Golgi network, vesicles
