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TBP - TATA box binding protein
Entrez Gene Name: TATA box binding protein
Entrez GeneID: Human(6908)
, Mouse(21374), Rat(117526)
, Mouse(21374), Rat(117526) Synonyms: GTF2D, GTF2D1, HDL4, MGC117320, MGC126054, MGC126055, MGC93994, SCA17, TATA BOX FACTOR, TBP, TFIID
Gene Summary
- Human (6908): Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes TBP, the TATA-binding protein. A distinctive feature of TBP is a long string of glutamines in the N-terminus. This region of the protein modulates the DNA binding activity of the C terminus, and modulation of DNA binding affects the rate of transcription complex formation and initiation of transcription. The number of CAG repeats encoding the polyglutamine tract is usually 32-39, and expansion of the number of repeats increases the length of the polyglutamine string and is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 17, a neurodegenerative disorder classified as a polyglutamine disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]
- Rat (117526): mouse homolog binds to TATA box promoter element; involved in activation of eukaryotic genes [RGD]
Molecular Functions | Biological Process | Cellular Components | Protein Domains | Subcellular Locations | Pathways | Literature References | IPA Extras
Cell Regulation
Disease:
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Biological Process
cell death, gene expression, interspecies interaction between organisms, positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent, regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent, spermatogenesis, transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter, transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter, transcription, DNA-dependent, viral reproduction
Cellular Components
cytoplasm, female pronucleus, male pronucleus, nucleoplasm, nucleus, pronucleus, RNA polymerase I transcription factor complex, transcription factor TFIIA complex, transcription factor TFIID complex
Literature References
- 19240132Knuesel MT, Meyer KD, Bernecky C, Taatjes DJ. The human CDK8 subcomplex is a molecular switch that controls Mediator coactivator function.Genes Dev 2009 02 15;23(4):439-51
- 17318177Gorski JJ, Pathak S, Panov K, Kasciukovic T, Panova T, Russell J, Zomerdijk JC. A novel TBP-associated factor of SL1 functions in RNA polymerase I transcription.EMBO J 2007 03 21;26(6):1560-8
- 11893333Zhao X, Herr W. A regulated two-step mechanism of TBP binding to DNA: a solvent-exposed surface of TBP inhibits TATA box recognition.Cell 2002 Mar 8;108(5):615-27
Molecular Functions
binding, DNA binding, protein binding, repressing transcription factor binding, sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity, transcription factor binding, transcription regulatory region DNA binding
Protein Domains
activation domain, core domain, functional, core domain, structural, DNA binding, DNA binding domain, inhibitory DNA-binding domain, n-terminal repeat, p53-binding domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain, polyglutamine repeat, protein binding, repressing transcription factor binding, TBP_TLF, transcription factor binding, transcription regulator
Subcellular Locations
chromatin, chromosomes, Cytoplasm, detergent-insoluble fractions, detergent-soluble fraction, nuclear fraction, nucleolar fraction, nucleoplasm, Nucleus, pronucleus