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IL1B - interleukin 1, beta

Entrez Gene Name: interleukin 1, beta
Synonyms: IL-1, IL-1BETA, IL-1β, IL1B, IL1F2

Gene Summary

  • Human (3553): The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
  • Rat (24494): an inflammatory cytokine [RGD, Feb 2006]

Cell Regulation

Regulates:
  • NFkB
  • NOS2
  • PTGS2
View all 1395 in IPA
Regulated by:
  • lipopolysaccharide
  • TNF
  • IFNG (includes EG:15978)
View all 1841 in IPA
Binds:
  • IL1R1
  • Il1 receptor
  • IL1R2
View all 54 in IPA
Role in cell:
  • expression in
  • activation
  • activation in
View all 172 in IPA
Disease:
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • arthritis
  • Alzheimer's disease
View all 167 in IPA

Biological Process

activation of MAPK activity, aging, anti-apoptosis, apoptosis, cell-cell signaling, cellular response to drug, cellular response to mechanical stimulus, cellular response to organic substance, chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration, embryo implantation, fever generation, immune response, inflammatory response, interleukin-1 beta production, learning or memory, leukocyte migration, memory, negative regulation of adiponectin secretion, negative regulation of cell proliferation, negative regulation of glucose transport, negative regulation of glutamate secretion, negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway, negative regulation of lipid catabolic process, negative regulation of lipid metabolic process, negative regulation of MAP kinase activity, neutrophil chemotaxis, ovulation, positive regulation of angiogenesis, positive regulation of apoptosis, positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity, positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production, positive regulation of cell division, positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process, positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, positive regulation of fever generation, positive regulation of gene expression, positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production, positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion, positive regulation of histone acetylation, positive regulation of histone phosphorylation, positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade, positive regulation of interferon-gamma production, positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process, positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process, positive regulation of interleukin-6 production, positive regulation of interleukin-8 production, positive regulation of JNK cascade, positive regulation of JUN kinase activity, positive regulation of lipid catabolic process, positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis, positive regulation of mitosis, positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production, positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity, positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus, positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity, positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process, positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion, positive regulation of protein export from nucleus, positive regulation of protein phosphorylation, positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity, positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade, positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity, positive regulation of T cell proliferation, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway, positive regulation vascular endothelial growth factor production, regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade, regulation of insulin secretion, response to ATP, response to chemical stimulus, response to drug, response to estradiol stimulus, response to gamma radiation, response to glucocorticoid stimulus, response to heat, response to hypoxia, response to L-ascorbic acid, response to lipopolysaccharide, response to morphine, response to nutrient, response to organic cyclic compound, response to organic nitrogen, response to ozone, response to vitamin D, sequestering of triglyceride, signal transduction, smooth muscle adaptation, social behavior, wound healing

Cellular Components

cytosol, extracellular region, extracellular space, stored secretory granule, vesicle

Literature References

  • 20303871Zitvogel L, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Decoding cell death signals in inflammation and immunity.Cell 2010 Mar 19;140(6):798-804
  • 19364881Nakamura Y, Kambe N, Saito M, Nishikomiri R, Kim YG, Murakami M, Núñez G, Matsue H. Mast cells mediate neutrophil recruitment and vascular leakage through the NLRP3 inflammasome in histamine-independent urticaria.J Exp Med 2009 May 11;206(5):1037-46
  • 19273625Boniface K, Bak-Jensen KS, Li Y, Blumenschein WM, McGeachy MJ, McClanahan TK, McKenzie BS, Kastelein RA, Cua DJ, de Waal Malefyt R. Prostaglandin E2 regulates Th17 cell differentiation and function through cyclic AMP and EP2/EP4 receptor signaling.J Exp Med 2009 Mar 16;206(3):535-48
View 21353 categorized literature findings and their references in IPA

Molecular Functions

cytokine activity, growth factor activity, interleukin-1 receptor binding, protein domain specific binding

Protein Domains

cytokine, IL1, Interleukin-1 propeptide, protein domain specific binding

Subcellular Locations

axons, cell surface, cellular membrane, Cytoplasm, cytosol, endosomes, Extracellular Space, intracellular space, lysosome, plasma, Plasma Membrane, secretory granules, vesicles