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AKT1 - v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1
Entrez Gene Name: v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1
Synonyms: AKT, AKT1, MGC99656, PKB, PKB-ALPHA, PKB/AKT, PRKBA, Protein kinase B, RAC, RAC-ALPHA, Thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1

Gene Summary

  • Human (207): The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by the AKT1 gene is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. It was shown that the activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]
  • Rat (24185): inhibits JUN kinase activation and mediates inhibition of apoptosis [RGD]

Cell Regulation

Regulates:
  • BAD
  • GSK3B
  • NOS3
View all 523 in IPA
Regulated by:
  • LY294002
  • INS1
  • IGF1
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Binds:
  • PDPK1
  • Hsp90
  • phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate
View all 178 in IPA
Role in cell:
  • apoptosis
  • survival
  • cell death
View all 104 in IPA
Disease:
  • hypertrophy
  • neoplasia
  • cancer
View all 57 in IPA

Biological Process

activation of pro-apoptotic gene products, activation-induced cell death of T cells, anagen, anti-apoptosis, apoptosis, apoptotic mitochondrial changes, blood vessel development, carbohydrate metabolic process, carbohydrate transport, cell projection organization, cellular response to insulin stimulus, G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway, germ cell development, glucose metabolic process, glucose transport, glycogen biosynthetic process, glycogen metabolic process, inflammatory response, insulin receptor signaling pathway, insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway, intracellular signaling cascade, negative regulation of apoptosis, negative regulation of cell size, negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation, negative regulation of JNK cascade, negative regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport, negative regulation of protein kinase activity, peptidyl-serine phosphorylation, placenta development, positive regulation of cell growth, positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process, positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity during G1/S, positive regulation of fat cell differentiation, positive regulation of glucose import, positive regulation of glucose metabolic process, positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process, positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process, positive regulation of multicellular organism growth, positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process, positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity, positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, positive regulation of sodium ion transport, protein amino acid autophosphorylation, protein amino acid phosphorylation, protein catabolic process, protein import into nucleus, translocation, protein kinase B signaling cascade, protein modification process, protein ubiquitination, regulation of cell migration, regulation of establishment of protein localization, regulation of protein localization, regulation of survival gene product expression, regulation of translation, response to fluid shear stress, response to food, response to heat, response to hormone stimulus, response to UV-A, signal transduction, transport

Cellular Components

cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cytosol, lamellipodium, membrane, nucleoplasm, nucleus, plasma membrane, soluble fraction, spindle

Literature References

  • 17932490Cinar B, Fang PK, Lutchman M, Di Vizio D, Adam RM, Pavlova N, Rubin MA, Yelick PC, Freeman MR. The pro-apoptotic kinase Mst1 and its caspase cleavage products are direct inhibitors of Akt1.EMBO J 2007 10 31;26(21):4523-34
  • 16177823Hu Y, Yao J, Liu Z, Liu X, Fu H, Ye K. Akt phosphorylates acinus and inhibits its proteolytic cleavage, preventing chromatin condensation.EMBO J 2005 Oct 19;24(20):3543-54
  • 16051150Beaulieu JM, Sotnikova TD, Marion S, Lefkowitz RJ, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG. An Akt/beta-Arrestin 2/PP2A Signaling Complex Mediates Dopaminergic Neurotransmission and Behavior.Cell 2005 Jul 29;122(2):261-73
  • View 12746 categorized literature findings and their references in IPA

Molecular Functions

ATP binding, enzyme binding, identical protein binding, kinase activity, nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity, nucleotide binding, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding, phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding, protein binding, protein kinase activity, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, sugar:hydrogen symporter activity, transferase activity

Pathways

Protein Domains

hydrophobic domain, kinase, myristoylation signal domain, nitric oxide synthase regulator, pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, protein binding, Protein kinase, protein self binding, protein serine/threonine kinase, regulatory domain

Subcellular Locations

brush border, cell body, cell membrane leading edge, cytoplasm, cytosol, cytosolic fraction, dendrites, dendritic shafts, high-density microsomal fractions, low-density microsomal fraction, membrane fraction, membrane rafts, neurites, nucleus, plasma membrane, plasma membrane fraction, raft fractions, smooth endoplasmatic reticulum, spine apparatus