TP53 - tumor protein p53
Entrez Gene Name: tumor protein p53
Entrez GeneID: Human(7157)
, Mouse(22059), Rat(24842)
, Mouse(22059), Rat(24842) Synonyms: bbl, bfy, bhy, Delta N p53, FLJ92943, LFS1, MGC112612, P53, TP53, Trp53
Gene Summary
- Human (7157): This gene encodes tumor protein p53, which responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate target genes that induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. p53 protein is expressed at low level in normal cells and at a high level in a variety of transformed cell lines, where it's believed to contribute to transformation and malignancy. p53 is a DNA-binding protein containing transcription activation, DNA-binding, and oligomerization domains. It is postulated to bind to a p53-binding site and activate expression of downstream genes that inhibit growth and/or invasion, and thus function as a tumor suppressor. Mutants of p53 that frequently occur in a number of different human cancers fail to bind the consensus DNA binding site, and hence cause the loss of tumor suppressor activity. Alterations of this gene occur not only as somatic mutations in human malignancies, but also as germline mutations in some cancer-prone families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Multiple p53 variants due to alternative promoters and multiple alternative splicing have been found. These variants encode distinct isoforms, which can regulate p53 transcriptional activity. [provided by RefSeq]
- Mouse (22059): This gene encodes tumor protein p53, which responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate target genes that induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. p53 protein is expressed at low level in normal cells and at a high level in a variety of transformed cell lines, where it's believed to contribute to transformation and malignancy. p53 is a DNA-binding protein containing transcription activation, DNA-binding, and oligomerization domains. It is postulated to bind to a p53-binding site and activate expression of downstream genes that inhibit growth and/or invasion, and thus function as a tumor suppressor. Mice deficient for this gene are developmentally normal but are susceptible to spontaneous tumors. Evidence to date shows that this gene contains one promoter, in contrast to alternative promoters of the human gene, and transcribes a few of splice variants which encode different isoforms, although the biological validity or the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq]
- Rat (24842): This gene encodes tumor protein p53, which responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate target genes that induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. p53 protein is expressed at low level in normal cells and at a high level in a variety of transformed cell lines, where it is believed to contribute to transformation and malignancy. p53 is a DNA-binding protein containing transcription activation, DNA-binding, and oligomerization domains. It is postulated to bind to a p53-binding site and activate expression of downstream genes that inhibit growth and/or invasion, and thus function as a tumor suppressor. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of the variants has not been determined. p53 pseudogenes have been found on chromosomes 9 and 18. [provided by RefSeq]
Molecular Functions | Biological Process | Cellular Components | Protein Domains | Subcellular Locations | Pathways | Literature References | IPA Extras
Cell Regulation
Biological Process
activation of caspase activity by cytochrome c, aging, apoptosis, B cell lineage commitment, base-excision repair, cell aging, cell cycle, cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cellular response to glucose starvation, cellular response to UV, central nervous system development, chromosome organization, DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator, DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis, double-strand break repair, embryonic development ending in birth or egg hatching, ER overload response, G1 DNA damage checkpoint, gastrulation, in utero embryonic development, induction of apoptosis, induction of apoptosis by intracellular signals, interspecies interaction between organisms, multicellular organismal development, negative regulation of apoptosis, negative regulation of cell cycle, negative regulation of cell growth, negative regulation of cell proliferation, negative regulation of DNA replication, negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation, negative regulation of helicase activity, negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation, negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, nucleotide-excision repair, positive regulation of apoptosis, positive regulation of cell cycle, positive regulation of leukocyte migration, positive regulation of neuron apoptosis, positive regulation of specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, positive regulation of transcription, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent, protein complex assembly, protein import into nucleus, translocation, protein localization, protein tetramerization, regulation of apoptosis, regulation of cell cycle, regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of intracellular pH, regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability, regulation of neuron apoptosis, regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, response to amino acid stimulus, response to caffeine, response to chemical stimulus, response to cytokine stimulus, response to DNA damage stimulus, response to drug, response to gamma radiation, response to hyperoxia, response to inorganic substance, response to metal ion, response to organic cyclic substance, response to organic nitrogen, response to oxidative stress, response to retinoic acid, response to salt stress, response to tumor cell, response to UV, response to vitamin B3, response to X-ray, RNA-protein covalent cross-linking, rRNA transcription, T cell differentiation in the thymus, T cell lineage commitment, T cell proliferation during immune response, transcription, wound healing
Cellular Components
chromatin, cytoplasm, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, insoluble fraction, mitochondrion, nuclear matrix, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, nucleus, PML body, replication fork, transcription factor complex
Literature References
- 17403783Sasaki T, Gan EC, Wakeham A, Kornbluth S, Mak TW, Okada H. HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (Bat3)/Scythe is essential for p300-mediated acetylation of p53.Genes Dev 2007 Apr 01;21(7):848-61
- 16618797Enari M, Ohmori K, Kitabayashi I, Taya Y. Requirement of clathrin heavy chain for p53-mediated transcription.Genes Dev 2006 May 01;20(9):1087-99
- 16418486Boiko AD, Porteous S, Razorenova OV, Krivokrysenko VI, Williams BR, Gudkov AV. A systematic search for downstream mediators of tumor suppressor function of p53 reveals a major role of BTG2 in suppression of Ras-induced transformation.Genes Dev 2006 Jan 15;20(2):236-52 View 26152 categorized literature findings and their references in IPA
Molecular Functions
ATP binding, chaperone binding, chromatin binding, copper ion binding, DNA binding, DNA strand annealing activity, enzyme binding, metal ion binding, protein binding, protein heterodimerization activity, protein N-terminus binding, RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription factor activity, zinc ion binding
- SAPK/JNK Signaling
- HIF1α Signaling
- Role of PKR in Interferon Induction and Antiviral Response
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling
- Wnt/β-catenin Signaling
- Role of Oct4 in Mammalian Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency
- ATM Signaling
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Signaling
- PI3K/AKT Signaling
- Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Signaling
- Myc Mediated Apoptosis Signaling
- Role of CHK Proteins in Cell Cycle Checkpoint Control
- Huntington's Disease Signaling
- Bladder Cancer Signaling
- Apoptosis Signaling
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
- Glioma Signaling
- Basal Cell Carcinoma Signaling
- p53 Signaling
- Thyroid Cancer Signaling
- MIF Regulation of Innate Immunity
- Cell Cycle: G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulation
- Role of NANOG in Mammalian Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Signaling
- Role of BRCA1 in DNA Damage Response
- Melanoma Signaling
- Small Cell Lung Cancer Signaling
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Signaling
- Induction of Apoptosis by HIV1
- Hypoxia Signaling in the Cardiovascular System
- Colorectal Cancer Metastasis Signaling
- Cell Cycle: G1/S Checkpoint Regulation
- Endometrial Cancer Signaling
- Prostate Cancer Signaling
Protein Domains
activation domain, Activation domain AD1, AD1 domain, AD2 domain, ATP binding, basic domain, carboxy terminal domain, chromatin binding, copper ion binding, DNA binding, DNA binding domain, DNA strand annealing protein, docking domain, enzyme binding, LXXLL motif, Minimal transactivation domain, N-terminal domain, N-terminal transactivation domain, negative regulatory domain, nuclear export signal, nuclear localization sequence, nuclease, oligomerization domain, p53 core domain, proline rich domain, protein binding, protein heterodimerization, protein N-terminus binding, RNA polymerase II transcription factor, tetramerization domain, transcription activation domain, transcription factor, transcription regulator, zinc ion binding
Subcellular Locations
centrosome, chromatin, cytoplasm, cytoplasmic aggregates, cytoplasmic fraction, cytoplasmic particles, cytosol, cytosolic fraction, detergent-soluble fraction, DNA replication foci, metaphase plate, microtubules, mitochondria, mitoplasts, mitotic spindle, nuclear bodies, nuclear foci, nuclear fraction, nuclear speckles, nucleoli, nucleoplasm, nucleus, perinuclear body, perinuclear region, perinuclear space, plasma membrane, PML nuclear bodies, soluble fraction
