Microcystin LR from Microcystis aeruginosa ≥95% (HPLC), solid film

Properties

Related Categories	Application Index, Bacteria, Biochemicals and Reagents, Cell Biology, Cell Signaling Enzymes, Cell Signaling and Neuroscience, Cyanobacterial Toxins, Enzyme Inhibitors, Enzyme Inhibitors by Enzyme, Enzymes, Inhibitors, and Substrates, Kinase/Phosphatase Biology, P to Q, Phosphatase Inhibitors, Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1), Protein phosphatase-1, Catalytic Subunit, Serine/Threonine Kinase Biology, Serine/Threonine Phosphatase Inhibitors, Toxins and Venoms More...
assay	≥95% (HPLC)
form	solid film
solubility	ethanol: soluble1 mg/mL
	DMSO: soluble
storage temp.	−20°C

Description

Biochem/physiol Actions

Potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase Types 1 and 2A; has no effect on protein kinase. Hepatic tumor promoter in experimental animal model.¹

Other Notes

Hepatotoxic cyclic heptapeptide.

Reconstitution

Stock solutions can be diluted in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0, containing 0.03% Brij 35; phosphatase inhibition will be retained for up to 1 month when stored at concentrations up to 0.01 nM.

Price and Availability

Related Papers

Importance of the beta12-beta13 loop in protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit for inhibition by toxins and mammalian protein inhibitors. Connor, et al. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 22366-22372, (1999)

Documents

Certificate of Analysis

Certificate of Origin

M2912 - Datasheet (14 KB)

Phosphoprotein Phosphatases (90 KB )

Safety Information

Symbol	GHS06
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H300-H310-H315-H317-H319-H335
Precautionary statements	P261-P264-P280-P301 + P310-P302 + P350-P305 + P351 + P338
Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields, Faceshields, full-face particle respirator type N100 (US), Gloves, respirator cartridge type N100 (US), type P1 (EN143) respirator filter, type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
Hazard Codes (Europe)	T+
Risk Statements (Europe)	26/27/28-36/37/38-43
Safety Statements (Europe)	26-36/37/39-45
RIDADR	UN 2811 6.1/PG 1
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	GT2810000

Technical information & documentation associated with this product is available in the Safety & Documentation tab.

Articles

Carcinogenesis and Epigenetics

Cancer research has revealed that the classical model of carcinogenesis, a three step process consisting of initiation, promotion, and progression, is not complete. The expansion of the carcinogenesi...
Vicki Caligur
BioFiles 2008, 3.5, 18.
Keywords: Acetylations, Adhesion, Alkylations, Apoptosis, Cancer, Carcinogens, Cell division, Cell proliferation, Cell signaling, DNA microarrays, Drug discovery, Environmental, Epigenetics, Gene expression, Genetic, Hormones, Metabolism, Methylations, Microarray Analysis, Mutagens, PAGE, Recombination, Reductions, Transcription, transformation

Papers

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1. Chronic Microcystin Exposure Induces Hepatocyte Proliferation with Increased Expression of Mitotic and Cyclin-associated Genes in P53-deficient Mice. Clark, S. P., et al. Toxicol. Pathol., (2008)

Importance of the beta12-beta13 loop in protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit for inhibition by toxins and mammalian protein inhibitors. Connor, et al. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 22366-22372, (1999)

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Molecular mechanisms underlying inhibition of protein phosphatases by marine toxins. Dawson, et al. Front. Biosci. 4, D646-D658, (1999)

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Hepatic oxidative stress following prolonged sublethal microcystin LR exposure. Guzman, et al. Toxicol. Pathol. 27, 582-588, (1999)

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Cyanobacterial microcystin-LR is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A from both mammals and higher plants. MacKintosh, C., et al. FEBS Lett. 264, 187-192, (1990)

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