(±)-α-Lipoic acid 

Antioxidant and coenzyme needed for the activity of enzyme complexes such as those of pyruvate dehydrogenase and glycine decarboxylase. Exogenous thioctic acid is reduced intracellularly by two or more enzymes. The reduced form then influences a number of cell processes by direct radical scavenging, recycling of other antioxidants, increasing glutathione synthesis, and modulating transcription factor activity particularly that of NF-κB. Decreases the phagocytosis of myelin by macrophages.

synthetic

Oxidized form

≥99% (titration)

powder

yellow

ethanol: 50 mg/mL

Patel, M.S., and Hong, Y.S., Lipoic acid as an antioxidant. The role of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. Methods Mol. Biol. 108, 337-346, (1998)

Packer, L., α-Lipoic acid: a metabolic antioxidant which regulates NF-κ B signal transduction and protects against oxidative injury. Drug Metab. Rev. 30, 245-275, (1998)

van der Goes, A., et al., Reactive oxygen species are required for the phagocytosis of myelin by macrophages. J. Neuroimmunol. 92, 67-75, (1998)

Merck 13,9400

Beil. 19,V,7,237

3

JP1192000