Dyes and stains
* History of stains and staining
* Classification of dyes and dye nomenclature
* Applications of dyes, fluorochromes and pigments
* Mechanisms of biological staining
* Significance of dye purity and standardisation for biological staining
* Hazards and risks of dyes, pigments and fluorochromes
* Fluorochromes and fluorescent probes
* Reactive dyes, fluorescent labels and conjugation agents
* Use of dyes and fluorochromes as indicators
* Nitroso and nitro dyes
* Monoazo dyes
* Dis-, tris- and polyazo dyes
* Diazonium salts and their reaction products with coupling agents
* Tetrazolium salts and formazans
* Amino di- and triarylmethane dyes
* Hydroxy triarylmethanes
* Xanthenes
* Acridines and phenanthridines
* Azines
* Oxazines and related dyes
* Thiazines
* Romanowsky-Giemsa stains
* Polyenes dyes and fluorochromes
* Cyanines, oxonals and related polytmethines
* Styryls, coumarins and other neutrocyanines
* Carbonyl dyes, including anthraquinones and naphthalimides
* Phthalocyanines and other aza annulenes
* Miscellaneous inorganic and organic stains
* Methods for testing biological stains