Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 

The biological activity is measured by its ability to induce proliferation of the factor-dependent mouse cell line, DA3.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor is a growth and differentiation factor for cells in the granulocyte, macrophage and eosinophil lineage. GM-CSF stimulates colony formation from pluripotential progenitor cells at extremely low concentrations and is an essential survival and proliferative factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells in all divisions up to maturity. It also stimulates growth in some epithelial cells and osteoclasts. GM-CSF is produced by a variety of cell types (monocytes, endothelial cells, T-cells, fibroblasts, mitogen-stimulated B-cells, and LPS-stimulated macrophages). GM-CSF is secreted as a single chain glycoprotein containing 128 amino acids for human with a conserved disulfide bond. Human and murine GM-CSF share approx. 54% sequence homology and do not cross-react in bioactivity.

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in phosphate buffered saline containing 0.25 mg bovine serum albumin.

from rat

expressed in Escherichia coli

>97% (SDS-PAGE)

Endotoxin, tested

−20°C

Nicola, N.A., Nicola, N.A., ed. Guidebook to Cytokines and Their Receptors NY, NY , (1994), 171

Quesniaux, V.F.J., Jones, T.C. The Cytokine Handbook 3rd ed., San Diego, CA , (1998), 637

Smith, L.R., et al. Immunogenetics 39, 80, (1994)

Callard, R., Gearing, A. The Cytokine Facts Book New York, NY , (1994)

Guthridge, M., Mechanism of activation of the GM-CF, IL-3, and IL-5 family of receptors. Stem Cells 16, 301, (1998)

Skoda, R., Specificity of signaling by hematopoietic cytokin receptors: instructive versus permissive effects. J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 19, 741, (1999)

Heim, M., The Jak-STAT pathway: cytokine signaling from the receptor to the nucleus. J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 19, 75, (1999)

Kelso, A., Cytokines: principles and prospects. Cell Biol. 76, 300, (1998)

22-24/25