Sodium Channel Modulators

Voltage-gated sodium channels are pres�ent in most excitable cell membranes and play an important role in generating action potentials. A variety of toxins and chemi�cals are known to either block or modu�late sodium channels and have proven invaluable in investigating the physiological characteristics of these channels. Most notably, tetrodotoxin (TTX), isolated from puffer fish, is a potent and selec�tive blocker of sodium channels. Saxitoxin (STX), a toxin isolated from dinoflagellates, was also found to have the same block�ing action as TTX.

<A herf="/insite_activation_and_inactivation">Activation and Inactivation of the Sodium Channel
Sodium Channel Structure
Sodium Channel Pore Region