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Oxidative Stress Proteins and Reagents

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Description	Biochem/physiol Actions	Product #
BAY 41-2272 ≥97% (HPLC), solid	BAY 41-2272 is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase at a novel, NO-independent regulatory site. BAY 41-2272 is the first product that stimulates sGC through a non-NO mechanism. BAY 41-2272 inhibits platelet aggregation and induces vasorelaxation without nitrate tolerance.	B8810
2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate ≥97%		D6883
2,3-Dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone >99%, solid		D5439
L-Glutathione reduced ≥99%	Endogenous antioxidant that plays a major role in reducing reactive oxygen species formed during cellular metabolism and the respiratory burst. Glutathione-S-transferase catalyzes the formation of glutathione thioethers with xenobiotics, leukotrienes, and other molecules that have an electrophilic center. Glutathione also forms disulfide bonds with cysteine residues in proteins. Via these mechanisms, it can have the paradoxical effect of reducing the efficacy of anti-cancer agents.	G4251
Gossypol from cotton seeds ≥95% (HPLC)	male antifertility agent	G8761
HNE-DMA hexane solution, ≥85% (GC)	Stable form of HNE; toxic second messenger of free radicals.	H9538
HT-2 toxin		T4138
Hydrogen peroxide solution 30 % (w/w) in H₂O		H1009
8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine ≥98% (TLC)	A marker compound typically indicative of DNA damage associated with mutagenesis and carcinogenesis	H5653
Menadione crystalline	Free-radical generator	M5625
Menadione sodium bisulfite ≥95% (TLC)		M5750
Myristicin from parsley leaf oil ≥85% (HPLC), oil	Myristicin induces the expression of glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 (Cyp1a-1) in liver cells. May enhance detoxification of carcinogenic substances.	M9411
Nanaomycin A >95% (HPLC), from microbial	Namaomycin A is involved in heme dependent radical generation. It inhibits in vitro growth of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with more potency than radicicol and less than artemisin. Namaomycin A interferes with the membrane or inhibits coupling of oxidative phosphorylation, which is followed by a secondary inhibitory effect on proteins, nucleic acids and cell wall peptidoglycans in gram positive bacteria.	N2410
3-Nitro-L-tyrosine crystalline	Oxidant and cytotoxic agent.	N7389
Phenazine methosulfate ≥90% (UV)		P9625
trans-5-Phenyl-4-pentenyl hydroperoxide ≥90%, Solution in ethanol	Hydroperoxide compound used to assay peroxidase activity. Reduced to 5-phenyl-4E-pentenol (PPA) by plant and animal peroxidases in the presence of reducing substrates by a reaction that can be monitored spectrophotometrically.	P6238
Pyoverdines from Pseudomonas fluorescens, >90% (HPLC)	Pyoverdines, also called pseuobactins and pyoverdins, are fluorescent siderophores that have high affinity for iron (10³² M^-1), and are synthesized by fluorescent pseudomonads under iron-deficient growth conditions.¹ Pyoverdines were shown to prevent iron toxicity produced by iron overload in hepatocyte cultures^2,and effectively scavenges the hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals.³ Pyoverdines are effective in acquiring iron from transferrin and lactoferrin.⁴ Pyoverdines are also involved in the suppression of pythium-induced damping-off of tomato^5,and promotion of growth in some higher plants.	P8124
Pyoverdines−Fe complex from Pseudomonas fluorescens, >90% (HPLC)	Pyoverdines, also called pseuobactins and pyoverdins, are fluorescent siderophores that have high affinity for iron (10³² M^-1), and are synthesized by fluorescent pseudomonads under iron-deficient growth conditions.¹ Pyoverdines were shown to prevent iron toxicity produced by iron overload in hepatocyte cultures^2,and effectively scavenges the hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals.³ Pyoverdines are effective in acquiring iron from transferrin and lactoferrin.⁴ Pyoverdines are also involved in the suppression of pythium-induced damping-off of tomato^5,and promotion of growth in some higher plants. The complex ferri-pyoverdine acts as a signaling molecule inducing the production of secreted virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.⁶ Ferri-pyoverdines promote the growth of both P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa in minimal medium.	P8374
Pyoverdines−Gallium (III) complex from Pseudomonas fluorescens, >90% (HPLC)	Gallium-pyoverdines act as growth inhibitors of both P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa possibly due to gallium interference with bacterial iron metabolism. Pyoverdines, also called pseuobactins and pyoverdins, are fluorescent siderophores that have high affinity for iron (10³² M^-1), and are synthesized by fluorescent pseudomonads under iron-deficient growth conditions.¹ Pyoverdines were shown to prevent iron toxicity produced by iron overload in hepatocyte cultures^2,and effectively scavenges the hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals.³ Pyoverdines are effective in acquiring iron from transferrin and lactoferrin.⁴ Pyoverdines are also involved in the suppression of pythium-induced damping-off of tomato^5,and promotion of growth in some higher plants.	P8249
Seleno-L-methionine ≥98% (TLC), powder	Selenomethionine displays antioxidant activity ¹ and has been shown to increase the activity of glutathione peroxidase in endothelial cells.² Glutathione peroxidase protects cells from oxidative damage, such as DNA strand breaks, mutations and interference with protein tyrosine-based signaling and other protein functions due to formation of 3-nitrotyrosine, caused by excessive peroxynitrite.^3,⁴ Selenomethionine administration to cancer cell lines (MCF-7/S breast carcinoma, DU-145 prostate cancer cells and UACC-375 melanoma) results in apoptotic cell death and aberrant mitosis. These human tumor cell lines exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibition by selenomethionine in the micromolar range (45 to 130 μM), while growth inhibition of normal fibroblasts required 1 mM selenomethionine.⁵	S3132
Thioredoxin from Escherichia coli recombinant, expressed in Escherichia coli, essentially salt-free, lyophilized powder, ≥3 units/mg protein	Mediates the reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins.	T0910
Thioredoxin human ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), recombinant, expressed in Escherichia coli (N-terminal histidine-tagged), essentially salt-free, lyophilized powder, ≥5 units/mg	Mediates the reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins.	T8690
T-2 Toxin from Fusarium sp., powder	The trichothecenes, such as T2 Toxin, are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. They are commonly present in foods and feed of cereal origin. T-2 toxin induces DNA damage and cell death on prolonged administration. These effects can be partially blocked by antioxidants, such as glutathione, coenzyme Q10, or α-tocopherol. Increases blood-brain barrier permeability and inhibits monoamine oxidase activity in brain.	T4887

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