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The Actin Gene Family
Actin and myosin are the two major cytoskeletal proteins implicated in cell motility. As constituents of many cell types, actin and myosin are involved in a myriad of cellular process including locomotion, secretion, cytoplasmic streaming, phagocytosis, and cytokinesis. Actin is one of the most conserved eukaryotic proteins with at least six isoforms. Four of the isoforms represent the differentiation markers of muscle tissues and two are found in almost all cells. There are three α-actins (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle), one β-actin (β-nonmuscle), and two γ-actins (γ-smooth muscle and γ-nonmuscle). Actin isoforms show greater than 90% overall sequence homology, but only 50–60% homology in their 18 NH2-terminal residues. The NH2-terminal region of actin appears to be a major antigenic region and may be involved in the interaction of actin with other proteins such as myosin.
Note: Historically, due to its ubiquitous nature, β-Actin was used as an internal standard for Western blotting. More recently its levels have been shown to fluctuate following different treatments. Therefore, GAPDH is becoming more popular as a housekeeping gene.
| Human Actin Gene Family |
| Gene |
Name |
NCBI Gene ID |
Ensembl† |
Synonyms |
Monoclonals (clone)
Product No. |
Polyclonals
Product No. |
| ACTA1 |
Actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle |
58 |
ENSG00000143632 |
ACTA, Actin, alpha skeletal muscle, Alpha-actin-1, ASTMA, CFTD, CFTDM, MPFD, myopathy with fiber type disproportion, NEM1, NEM2, NEM3 |
A2172 (5C5)
A3853 (AC-40)* |
A2668
A2066
A5060
A2103
|
| ACTA2 |
Actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta |
59 |
ENSG00000107796 |
Actin, aortic smooth muscle, ACTSA, ACTVS, Alpha-actin-2, Actin, vascular smooth muscle |
A5228 (1A4)*
A3853 (AC-40)* |
A2103 |
| ACTC1 |
Actin, alpha, cardiac muscle |
70 |
ENSG00000159251 |
ACTC, Actin, alpha cardiac, Alpha-cardiac actin, CMD1R |
A3853 (AC-40)*
A2172 (5C5) |
A2103 |
| ACTB |
Actin, beta |
60 |
ENSG00000075624 |
Actin, cytoplasmic 1, Beta-actin |
A1978 (AC-15)*
A2228 (AC-74)*
A3853 (AC-40)* |
A2103 |
| ACTG1 |
Actin, gamma 1 |
71 |
ENSG00000184009 |
ACT, ACTG, beta-actin, DFNA20, DFNA26 |
A8481 (2-2.1.14.17)
A3853 (AC-40)* |
A2103 |
| ACTG2 |
Actin, gamma 2, smooth muscle, enteric |
72 |
ENSG00000163017 |
ACT, ACTA3, ACTE, Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle, ACTL3, ACTSG, Alpha-actin-3, Smooth muscle gamma actin |
A3853 (AC-40)* |
A2103 |
| |
|
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†Ensembl release 49—March 2008 |
*Conjugated antibodies available |
Monoconal Anti-GAPDH (Product No. G8795)
Anti-GAPDH (Product No. G9545)
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