| R3255 | 13-cis-Retinoic acid ≥98% (HPLC) | 13-cis-Retinoic acid (RA) has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor action. The action of RA is mediated through RAR-β and RAR-α receptors. RA attenuates iNOS expression and activity in cytokine-stimulated murine mesangial cells. It induces mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, observed as swelling and as a decrease in membrane potential, and stimulates the release of cytochrome c implicating mechanisms through the apoptosis pathway. These activities are reversed by EGTA and cyclosporin A. RA also increases MMP-1 protein expression partially via increased transcription.
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| D8440 | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 ≥95% (HPLC), methyl acetate solution | Selective agonist to PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors). Inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell lines that express PPARγ and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
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| H6278 | 4-Hydroxytamoxifen Minimum 70% of Z isomer (remainder primarily E-isomer) | The trans (Z) isomer has efficacy against estrogen-sensitive cancers. The cis (E) isomer is an estrogen agonist.
Metabolite of the chemotherapeutic drug tamoxifen, exhibiting more potent estrogen agonist/antagonist activity than the parent drug. Also active as intra-membranous inhibitor of lipid peroxidation.
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| A3656 | 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine ≥97% | 5'-Azadeoxycytidine causes DNA demethylation or hemi-demethylation. DNA demethylation can regulate gene expression by "opening" the chromatin structure detectable as increased nuclease sensitivity. This remodeling of chromatin structure allows transcription factors to bind to the promoter regions, assembly of the transcription complex, and gene expression.
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| A2385 | 5-Azacytidine ≥98% (HPLC) | Causes DNA demethylation or hemi-demethylation, creating openings that allow transcription factors to bind to DNA and reactivate tumor suppressor genes.
A potent growth inhibitor and cytotoxic agent; inhibits DNA methyltransferase, an important regulatory mechanism of gene expression, gene activation and silencing.
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| R4643 | 9-cis-Retinoic acid ~98% (HPLC) | Ligand for both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that act as transcription factors to regulate the growth and differentiation of normal and malignant cells.
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| C9756 | Cholecalciferol ≥98% (HPLC) | Vitamin D acts through a receptor that is a member of the ligand-dependent transcription factor superfamily. Modulates the proliferation and differentiation of both normal and cancer cells. Has antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects on breast, colon, and prostate cancer cells. Activated vitamin D receptors in intestine and bone maintain calcium absorbance and homeostasis.
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| C3974 | Ciglitizone ≥99% (TLC) | Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist (EC50 = 3 μM) and antihyperglycemic agent displaying activity in genetically obese C57 B1/6 ob/ob mice.
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| C3412 | Cyproterone acetate ≥98% | Synthetic steroid; androgen antagonist; potent inhibitor of leukocyte migration through endothethial cell monolayers. Liver tumor promoter in experimental animal model.1
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| E5878 | Epitestosterone | |  | pricing |
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| F9397 | Flutamide | Non-steroidal anti-androgen.
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| M6191 | GW9662 >98% (HPLC), solid | GW9662 is an irreversible PPARγ antagonist. GW9662 inhibits connective tissue growth factor and activation of CD36 by IL-4.
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| G2137 | Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt glycyrrhiza root (licorice) ≥70% (HPLC) | Biologically active constituent in the sweet root of Glycyrrhiza species (licorice). Antiviral.
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| M5250 | Melatonin powder, ≥98% (TLC) | Hormone; mediates photoperiodicity in mammals; inhibits cerebellar nitric oxide synthetase; peroxynitrite scavenger. Melatonin has complex effects on apoptotic pathways, inhibiting apoptosis in immune cells and neurons but enhancing apoptotic cell death of cancer cells. Inhibits proliferation/metastasis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting estrogen receptor action.
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| M8046 | Mifepristone ≥98% | Progesterone receptor antagonist; stimulates prolactin secretion. Pgp inhibitor.
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| P9391 | Procainamide hydrochloride | Inhibits DNA methyltransferase and modulates epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Na+ channel blocker and Class IA anti-arrhythmic.
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| R1402 | Raloxifene hydrochloride solid | Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM); acts as an anti-estrogen in both breast and uterine tissue while being estrogenic in bone. May have efficacy against estrogen-sensitive cancers.
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| H7779 | Retinoic acid p-hydroxyanilide ≥95% | Vitamin A acid analogue with antiproliferative activity in cultured human breast cancer cells; induces apoptosis in malignant hemopoietic cell lines.
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| R2625 | Retinoic acid ≥98% (HPLC), powder | all−trans−Retinoic acid (ATRA) is a ligand for both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR). The bound RAR and RXR act as transcription factors that regulate the growth and differentiation of both normal and malignant cells. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) catalyze the 4-hydroxylation of ATRA. Retinoic acid primes embryonic stem cells to become neurons.
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| R7632 | Retinol synthetic, ≥95% (HPLC), crystalline | Ligand for both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that act as transcription factors to regulate the growth and differentiation of normal and malignant cells.
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| T8703 | T0070907 ≥98% (HPLC), solid | T0070907 is very similar in structure and activity to the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662. T0070907 is more potent and has higher selectivity for PPAR-gamma over all other subtypes (about 800-fold) whereas GW9662 has been reported to have some PPARalpha agonist activity.
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| T9262 | Tamoxifen citrate salt ≥99% | Protein kinase C inhibitor. Induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. Tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen are selective estrogen response modifiers (SERMs) that act as estrogen antagonists in mammary gland. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in breast tumor cells.
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| T5648 | Tamoxifen ≥99% | Protein kinase C inhibitor. Induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. Tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen are selective estrogen response modifiers (SERMs) that act as estrogen antagonists in mammary gland. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in breast tumor cells.
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| T1698 | Tetradecylthioacetic acid ≥97% (NMR) | PPARα agonist; activation in ranking order: PPARα > PPARδ > PPARγ
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| T2573 | Troglitazone >98% (HPLC) | PPARγ agonist; anti-diabetic thiazolidinedione (TZD) with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity; induces apoptosis via a p53 pathway.
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| R2500 | all trans-Retinal powder, ≥98% | All-trans retinal is converted to retinoic acid in vivo by the action of retinal dehydrogenase. Retinoic acid is a ligand for both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that act as transcription factors to regulate the growth and differentiation of normal and malignant cells. Retinal isomers are also chromophores that binds to opsins, a family of G-protein-linked transmembrane proteins, to form photosensitive receptors in visual and nonvisual systems. All-trans retinal is a potent photosensitizer.
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