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C5490 C75 ≥98% (HPLC), powder C75 is a novel, potent synthetic inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS), which is used as a tool for studying fatty acid synthesis in metabolic disorders and cancer.
  
    • C5732 CA-074 ≥99% (TLC)    
    • C5857 CA-074 methyl ester ≥99% (TLC), solid CA-074 methyl ester is an inhibitor of cathepsin B.
    		  
    • C0246 Cabergoline ≥98% (HPLC) Cabergoline, a lysergic acid amide derivative, is a potent dopamine D2 receptor agonist. It also acts on dopamine receptors in lactophilic hypothalamus cells to suppress prolactin production in the pituitary gland. It has been used for monotherapy of Parkinson′s disease in the early phase; combination therapy, together with levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor such as carbidopa, in progressive-phase Parkinson′s disease and adjunctive therapy of prolactin-producing pituitary gland tumors (microprolactinomas).
    		  
    • C0625 Caffeic acid ≥98.0% (HPLC) A natural dietary phenolic compound found in plants that is an anti-oxidant. Inhibits the synthesis of leukotrienes that are involved in immunoregulation, inflammation and allergy. Inhibits Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation.
    		 human ... ELA2(1991)
    rat ... Alox5(25290)
    • 60018 Caffeic acid matrix substance for MALDI-MS, ≥99.0% (HPLC) A natural dietary phenolic compound found in plants that is an anti-oxidant. Inhibits the synthesis of leukotrienes that are involved in immunoregulation, inflammation and allergy. Inhibits Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation.
    		 human ... ELA2(1991)
    rat ... Alox5(25290)
    • 60020 Caffeic acid purum, ≥95.0% (HPLC) A natural dietary phenolic compound found in plants that is an anti-oxidant. Inhibits the synthesis of leukotrienes that are involved in immunoregulation, inflammation and allergy. Inhibits Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation.
    		 human ... ELA2(1991)
    rat ... Alox5(25290)
    • C8221 Caffeic acid phenethyl ester ≥97% (HPLC), powder Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a specific inhibitor of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB.
    		 human ... NFKB2(4791)
    • C0750 Caffeine powder, ReagentPlus® A central nervous system stimulant believed to act through adenosine receptors and monoamine neurotransmitters. It is an adenosine receptor antagonist and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Thus, levels of cAMP increase in cells following treatment with caffeine. It has been reported to affect cellular calcium levels, releasing calcium from intracellular stores. It overrides the cell cycle effects of various chemicals such as protease inhibitors, preventing apoptosis; and it has been shown to inhibit cellular DNA repair mechanisms.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA2A(135), ADORA2B(136), ADORA3(140), PDE4B(5142), PRKAR1A(5573), PRKAR1AP(5574), PRKAR1B(5575), PRKAR2A(5576), PRKAR2B(5577)
    mouse ... Adora2b(11541)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369)
    • C8960 Caffeine BioXtra A central nervous system stimulant believed to act through adenosine receptors and monoamine neurotransmitters. It is an adenosine receptor antagonist and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Thus, levels of cAMP increase in cells following treatment with caffeine. It has been reported to affect cellular calcium levels, releasing calcium from intracellular stores. It overrides the cell cycle effects of various chemicals such as protease inhibitors, preventing apoptosis; and it has been shown to inhibit cellular DNA repair mechanisms.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA2B(136), ADORA3(140), PDE4B(5142)
    mouse ... Adora2b(11541)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369)
    • C1778 Caffeine Sigma Reference Standard, vial of 250 mg A central nervous system stimulant believed to act through adenosine receptors and monoamine neurotransmitters. It is an adenosine receptor antagonist and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Thus, levels of cAMP increase in cells following treatment with caffeine. It has been reported to affect cellular calcium levels, releasing calcium from intracellular stores. It overrides the cell cycle effects of various chemicals such as protease inhibitors, preventing apoptosis; and it has been shown to inhibit cellular DNA repair mechanisms.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA2B(136), ADORA3(140), PDE4B(5142)
    mouse ... Adora2b(11541)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369)
    • 27600 Caffeine purum, anhydrous, ≥99.0% (HPLC) A central nervous system stimulant believed to act through adenosine receptors and monoamine neurotransmitters. It is an adenosine receptor antagonist and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Thus, levels of cAMP increase in cells following treatment with caffeine. It has been reported to affect cellular calcium levels, releasing calcium from intracellular stores. It overrides the cell cycle effects of various chemicals such as protease inhibitors, preventing apoptosis; and it has been shown to inhibit cellular DNA repair mechanisms.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), PDE4B(5142)
    • C7731 Caffeine meets USP testing specifications, anhydrous A central nervous system stimulant believed to act through adenosine receptors and monoamine neurotransmitters. It is an adenosine receptor antagonist and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Thus, levels of cAMP increase in cells following treatment with caffeine. It has been reported to affect cellular calcium levels, releasing calcium from intracellular stores. It overrides the cell cycle effects of various chemicals such as protease inhibitors, preventing apoptosis; and it has been shown to inhibit cellular DNA repair mechanisms.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA2B(136), ADORA3(140), PDE4B(5142)
    mouse ... Adora2b(11541)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369)
    • 27602 Caffeine Ph Eur, anhydrous A central nervous system stimulant believed to act through adenosine receptors and monoamine neurotransmitters. It is an adenosine receptor antagonist and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Thus, levels of cAMP increase in cells following treatment with caffeine. It has been reported to affect cellular calcium levels, releasing calcium from intracellular stores. It overrides the cell cycle effects of various chemicals such as protease inhibitors, preventing apoptosis; and it has been shown to inhibit cellular DNA repair mechanisms.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA2B(136), ADORA3(140), PDE4B(5142)
    mouse ... Adora2b(11541)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369)
    • W222402 Caffeine anhydrous, FCC A central nervous system stimulant believed to act through adenosine receptors and monoamine neurotransmitters. It is an adenosine receptor antagonist and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Thus, levels of cAMP increase in cells following treatment with caffeine. It has been reported to affect cellular calcium levels, releasing calcium from intracellular stores. It overrides the cell cycle effects of various chemicals such as protease inhibitors, preventing apoptosis; and it has been shown to inhibit cellular DNA repair mechanisms.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA2B(136), ADORA3(140), PDE4B(5142)
    mouse ... Adora2b(11541)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369)
    • 05-0370 Caffeine SAJ special grade, ≥98.5% A central nervous system stimulant believed to act through adenosine receptors and monoamine neurotransmitters. It is an adenosine receptor antagonist and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Thus, levels of cAMP increase in cells following treatment with caffeine. It has been reported to affect cellular calcium levels, releasing calcium from intracellular stores. It overrides the cell cycle effects of various chemicals such as protease inhibitors, preventing apoptosis; and it has been shown to inhibit cellular DNA repair mechanisms.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), PDE4B(5142)
    • C6035 Caffeine solution analytical standard, for drug analysis, 1.0 mg/mL±5% in methanol   human ... ADORA2B(136), ADORA3(140)
    mouse ... Adora2b(11541)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369)
    • C0875 Calcein Used for the fluorometric determination of calcium and EDTA titration of calcium in the presence of magnesium.    
    • C1359 Calcein AM solution ≥4 mM in DMSO, ≥90% (HPLC), liquid Fluorescent cell permeable derivative of calcein.
    		  
    • LO2221   Calcium Channel Modulators Ligand Set ligand set for calcium channel, TRP channel, and HCN channel modulators    
    • C7522 Calcium Ionophore A23187 ≥98% (TLC), powder    
    • C9275 Calcium Ionophore A23187 hemicalcium salt powder    
    • C9400 Calcium Ionophore A23187 hemimagnesium salt    
    • C204 Calmagite indicator grade   human ... MPL(4352)
    • C3930 Calmidazolium chloride solid Inhibitor of calmodulin-regulated enzymes. It is also believed to directly block calcium channels in smooth muscle cells.1
    		  
    • C4926 Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II fragment 290-309 ≥97% (HPLC) Potent Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor.
    		 human ... CAMK2A(815), CAMK2B(816), CAMK2D(817), CAMK2G(818)
    • A6185 Calpain Inhibitor I ≥97% (TLC), powder Can initiate apoptosis in HL-60 cells1 but blocks dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in thymocytes and cycloheximide-induced apoptosis in metamyelocytes.2 Inhibits cyclin B degradation and arrests the cell cycle at G1/S and at meta-/anaphase.3 Blocks induction of nitric oxide synthase by LPS in macrophages.4
    		 human ... CAPN1(823), CTSB(1508), PSMA1(5682)
    • 21277 Calpain Inhibitor I ≥97.0% (TLC)   human ... CAPN1(823), CTSB(1508), PSMA1(5682)
    • A6060 Calpain Inhibitor II powder    
    • C9181 Calpain Inhibitor Peptide ≥95% (HPLC)    
    • C6303 Calphostin C from Cladosporium cladosporioides ≥90% (HPLC), powder Highly specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (IC50 = 50 nM); requires light for activation. At higher concentrations (100 nM or greater), it has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in vitro.
    		  
    • C5552 Calyculin A from Discodermia calyx ≥90% (HPLC), solid Inhibitor of protein phosphatases types 1 and 2A; marine toxin, potent tumor promotor.
    		  
    • 21279 Calyculin A from Discodermia calyx ≥90% (HPLC) Inhibitor of protein phosphatases types 1 and 2A; marine toxin, potent tumor promotor.
    		  
    • C0494 Cambinol ≥97% (HPLC), white powder Cambinol is a Sirtuin (Human Silent Information Regulator) Type 1/2 Inhibitor. Sirtuins are structurally and mechanistically unrelated to HDACs Class 1 & 2 deacetylases but share many protein targets. HDAC is a large complex enzyme family involved in epigenetic-control of gene expression. Sirt2 has an IC50 equal to 59 μM.
    		  
    • SML0057 Camostat mesylate ≥98% (HPLC) Camostat is a synthetic, orally bioavailble serine protease inhibitor.
    		  
    • C9911 (S)-(+)-Camptothecin ≥90% (HPLC), powder (S)-(+)-Camptothecin binds irreversibly to the DNA-topoisomerase I complex, inhibiting the reassociation of DNA after cleavage by topoisomerase I and traps the enzyme in a covalent linkage with DNA. The enzyme complex is ubiquinated and destroyed by the 26S proteasome, thus depleting cellular topoisomerase I. Blocks the cell cycle in S-phase at low does and induces apoptosis in a large number of normal and tumor cell lines by cell cycle-dependent and cell cycle-independent processes.
    		 human ... TOP1(7150)
    mouse ... Prkca(18750)
    rat ... Sstr2(54305)
    • C9758 L-Canavanine sulfate salt ≥99% (TLC), powder Naturally occurring L-amino acid that interferes with L-arginine-utilizing enzymes due to its structural similarity with this L-amino acid. It is a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
    		 human ... NOS2(4843)
    • SML0245 Candesartan cilexetil ≥98% (HPLC) Candesartan cilexetil is the prodrug form of the potent angiotensin II receptor antagonist, candesartan. The prodrug is cleaved by esterases within the intestine to liberate the active molecule.
    		  
    • C6395 Cannabidiol solution 1.0 mg/mL in methanol, analytical standard, for drug analysis   human ... CNR2(1269)
    rat ... Cnr1(25248)
    • C6888 Cannabinol Major metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol that is not psychoactive, CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist with immunosuppressive properties.
    		 human ... CNR2(1269)
    rat ... Cnr1(25248)
    • C6520 Cannabinol solution 1.0 mg/mL in methanol, analytical standard, for drug analysis   human ... CNR2(1269)
    rat ... Cnr1(25248)
    • C8088 Cantharidic acid Useful for inhibiting PP1 and PP2A during purification of phosphorylated proteins, IC50 = 53 nM.
    		  
    • C7632 Cantharidin Inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A.
    		 human ... PPP2CA(5515), PPP2CB(5516), PPP2CBP(5517), PPP2R1A(5518), PPP2R1B(5519), PPP2R2A(5520), PPP2R2B(5521), PPP2R2C(5522), PPP2R3A(5523), PPP2R5A(5525)
    • 303836 γ-Caprolactone 98%   human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • M2028 Capsaicin ≥95%, from Capsicum sp. Prototype vanilloid receptor agonist. Neurotoxin; activates sensory neurons that give rise to unmyelinated C-fibers, many of which contain substance P. Topical application desensitizes the sensory nerve endings giving a paradoxical antinociceptive effect; systemic administration can be neurotoxic to capsaicin-sensitive cells, especially in newborn animals. Active component of chili peppers.
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544), TRPV1(7442)
    rat ... Trpv1(83810), Trpv4(66026)
    • 12084 Capsaicin analytical standard for food analysis Prototype vanilloid receptor agonist. Neurotoxin; activates sensory neurons that give rise to unmyelinated C-fibers, many of which contain substance P. Topical application desensitizes the sensory nerve endings giving a paradoxical antinociceptive effect; systemic administration can be neurotoxic to capsaicin-sensitive cells, especially in newborn animals. Active component of chili peppers.
    		  
    • 360376 Capsaicin natural Prototype vanilloid receptor agonist. Neurotoxin; activates sensory neurons that give rise to unmyelinated C-fibers, many of which contain substance P. Topical application desensitizes the sensory nerve endings giving a paradoxical antinociceptive effect; systemic administration can be neurotoxic to capsaicin-sensitive cells, especially in newborn animals. Active component of chili peppers.
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544), TRPV1(7442)
    rat ... Trpv1(83810), Trpv4(66026)
    • 21750 Capsaicin from Capsicum sp., ≥50% (HPLC) Prototype vanilloid receptor agonist. Neurotoxin; activates sensory neurons that give rise to unmyelinated C-fibers, many of which contain substance P. Topical application desensitizes the sensory nerve endings giving a paradoxical antinociceptive effect; systemic administration can be neurotoxic to capsaicin-sensitive cells, especially in newborn animals. Active component of chili peppers.
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544), TRPV1(7442)
    rat ... Trpv1(83810), Trpv4(66026)
    • C191 Capsazepine ≥98% (HPLC), solid Capsazepine is a specific vanilloid receptor antagonist; synthetic analog of capsaicin.
    		 human ... TRPV1(7442), TRPV4(59341)
    rat ... Trpv1(83810)
    • C4042 Captopril ≥98% (HPLC), powder Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Inhibits the formation of angiotensin II, a bioactive peptide that stimulates angiogenesis and increases microvessel density.
    		 human ... ACE(1636), AGTR1(185), AGTR2(186), ECE1(1889)
    rat ... Ace(24310)
    • C8856 Captopril meets USP testing specifications Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Inhibits the formation of angiotensin II, a bioactive peptide that stimulates angiogenesis and increases microvessel density.
    		 human ... ACE(1636), ECE1(1889)
    rat ... Ace(24310)
    • C4024 Carbamazepine powder Anticonvulsant; ligand for the GABAA receptor benzodiazepine modulatory site. Sodium channel inhibitor.
    		 human ... BZRAP1(9256), GABRA1(2554), GABRA2(2555), GABRA3(2556), GABRA4(2557), GABRA5(2558), GABRA6(2559), GABRB1(2560), GABRB2(2561), GABRB3(2562), PRNP(5621), SCN5A(6331)
    rat ... Scn2a1(24766), Scnn1a(25122), Scnn1g(24768), Slc6a1(79212)
    • C8981 Carbamazepine meets USP testing specifications Anticonvulsant; ligand for the GABAA receptor benzodiazepine modulatory site. Sodium channel inhibitor.
    		 human ... PRNP(5621), SCN5A(6331)
    rat ... Scn2a1(24766), Scnn1a(25122), Scnn1g(24768), Slc6a1(79212)
    • C4382 Carbamoylcholine chloride ≥98% (titration), crystalline Non-selective cholinergic agonist that is resistant to the action of cholinesterases; inhibits apoptotic death of cultured neurons, and may induce apoptosis in thymocytes.
    		 human ... CHRM1(1128), CHRM2(1129), CHRM3(1131), CHRM4(1132), CHRM5(1133), CHRNA2(1135)
    mouse ... Chrm1(12669)
    rat ... Chrm1(25229), Chrm2(81645), Chrm3(24260), Chrna2(170945), Chrna3(25101), Chrna4(25590)
    • C2409 Carbamoylcholine chloride 99%   human ... CHRM1(1128), CHRM2(1129), CHRM3(1131), CHRM4(1132), CHRM5(1133)
    mouse ... Chrm1(12669)
    rat ... Chrm1(25229), Chrm2(81645), Chrm3(24260), Chrna2(170945), Chrna3(25101), Chrna4(25590)
    • C5259 Carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride ≥99% (TLC), crystalline    
    • 36856 Carbaryl solution 100 ng/μL in cyclohexane, PESTANAL®, analytical standard   rat ... Faah(29347)
    • 17925 9-Carbazoleacetic acid ≥99.0% (T)   human ... FABP4(2167)
    • C4662   Carbetapentane citrate salt High affinity σ1 agonist; ORL1 antagonist; antitussive.
    		 human ... OPRL1(4987), OPRS1(10280)
    • C1335 S-(−)-Carbidopa ≥98% (TLC), powder Peripheral inhibitor of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. When co-administered with L-DOPA, it prevents extra-CNS conversion to dopamine, thereby increasing CNS concentrations of effective compounds. Selectively cytotoxic to human pulmonary carcinoid and small cell lung carcinoma cells by increasing H2O2 in these cell lines, which are sensitive to reactive oxygen species.1
    		  
    • E006 β-Carboline-3-carboxylic acid N-methylamide Benzodiazepine inverse receptor agonist; potent anxiogenic agent.
    		 human ... BZRAP1(9256)
    • C155 (−)-2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane crystalline 5-HT serotonin transporter inhibitor; precursor of [123I]nor-β-CIT, a radioligand for SPECT imaging of the 5-HT transporter.
    		  
    • C2759 Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone ≥97% (TLC), powder Protonophore (H+ ionophore) and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Shown to have a number of effects on cellular calcium. Inhibits secretion of hepatic lipase and partially inhibits the pH gradient-activated Cl- uptake and Cl-/Cl- exchange activities in brush-border membrane vesicles.
    		  
    • C2920 Carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone ≥98% (TLC), powder FCCP is a protonophore (H+ ionophore) and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. It is capable of depolarizing plasma and mitochondrial membranes. FCCP has been shown to have a number of effects on cellular calcium. It also is reported to inhibit a background K+ current and induce a small inward current, reduce pH by 0.1 unit, and induce a rise of intracellular [Na+]. FCCP stimulates Mg2+-ATPase activity, inhibits β-amyloid production, and mimics the effect of selective glutamate agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on mitochondrial superoxide production.
    		  
    • C2538 Carboplatin Carboplatin is a platinum-based antineoplastic drug that damages DNA by forming intrastrand cross-links with neighboring guanine residues. Tumors acquire resistance to these drugs through the loss of DNA-mismatch repair (MMR) activity and the resultant decrease in the induction of programmed cell death.
    		  
    • C117 5-Carboxamidotryptamine maleate salt powder, ≥98% (HPLC) Agonist at 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT5 and 5-HT7 serotonin receptors.
    		 human ... HTR1A(3350), HTR1B(3351), HTR1D(3352), HTR2A(3356), HTR2C(3358), HTR5A(3361), HTR5B(645694), HTR6(3362), HTR7(3363)
    rat ... Htr7(65032)
    • C4992 Carboxyatractyloside potassium salt ≥98% (HPLC), from Xanthium sibiricum, solid Carboxyatractyloside is a highly selective inhibitor of cytosolic side-specific mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier; i.e. adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT); causes stabilization of the c conformation of ANT leading to permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis.
    		  
    • C4147 γ-Carboxy-L-glutamic acid Gamma-carboxy-L-glutamic acid (GLA) is used as a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) subtype ligand wherein GLA is a group-II mGlu2 receptor and group-III mGlu7, mGlu8 antagonist and group-III mGlu4, mGlu6 agonist.
    		 rat ... Grm2(24415)
    • SML0067 5-Carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline ≥97% (HPLC) 5-Carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline (IOX1) is a broad spectrum 2OG oxygenase inhibitor useful for the study of histone demethylation and hypoxic sensing. For full characterization details, please visit the IOX1 probe summary on the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC) website.
    Histone Demethylase Inhibitor
    		 
    • 556114 N-(4-Carboxyphenyl)succinamic acid 96%   human ... BCHE(590)
    • C221 Carboxy-PTIO potassium salt solid Reacts with nitric oxide to form carboxy-PTI derivatives which in turn inhibits nitric oxide synthase.
    		  
    • UC260 Carboxytolbutamide In vivo tolbutamide metabolite. Major urinary metabolite of tolbutamide.
    		  
    • C8249 Cardamonin ≥98% (HPLC) Cardamonin is a calchone from Aplinia species (zingiberaceous plant species). Cardamonin inhibits pigmentation in melanocytes through suppression of Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway. Cardamonin suppressed Wnt/b-catenin signaling by a mechanism involving proteasome-mediated degradation of b-catenin (GSK-3b-independent pathway). Research has shown that Cardamonin possesses anti-inflammatory activity via suppression of NF-kB nuclear translocation and Ik-Ba phosphorylation.
    		 
    • C4866 Cardiogenol C hydrochloride ≥97% (HPLC), solid Cardiogenol C hydrochloride is a cardiomyogenesis inducer in embryonic stem cells.
    		  
    • C1649   Cardiolipin solution from bovine heart 4.7-5.3 mg/mL in ethanol, ≥97% (TLC) Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial phospholipid that is found in mammalian tissues in low concentrations. It is often a membrane component. Inhibits cell attachment of fibronectin, vitronectin and Type I collagen.
    		  
    • LO2219   Cardiotoxicity Ligand Set Cardiotoxicity is an important cause for concern in drug development and appears to cut across therapeutic indications and drug classes. Several drugs have been removed from the market recently because of prolonging the QT interval or causing Torsades de Pointes (TdP).

    The Cardiotoxicity Ligand Set features a wide variety of drugs including anti-arrhythmics, antihistamines, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants and antipsychotics that are known to have cardiotoxic side-effects.
    		 
    • C9759   Cardiotoxin from Naja mossambica mossambica    
    • C8759 Carisoprodol Metabolite of meprobamate that is a skeletal muscle relaxant, reduces muscle spasm by depression of brainstem neurons.
    		  
    • C0400 Carmustine ≥98% Carmustine is a DNA alkylating agent causing DNA interstrand crosslinks.1 Effective against glioma and other solid tumors.
    		 human ... GSR(2936)
    • C9750 β-Carotene Type I, synthetic, ≥93% (UV), powder The most important of the provitamins A, β-carotene can be classified as an antioxidant due to its inhibition of radical initiated peroxidation in vitro. However, in vivo it appears to act either as an antioxidant or a prooxidant depending on cellular environment. It reduces the incidence of many cancers, but enhances lung cancer incidence in smokers.
    		  
    • C4582 β-Carotene Type II, synthetic, ≥95% (HPLC), crystalline The most important of the provitamins A, β-carotene can be classified as an antioxidant due to its inhibition of radical initiated peroxidation in vitro. However, in vivo it appears to act either as an antioxidant or a prooxidant depending on cellular environment. It reduces the incidence of many cancers, but enhances lung cancer incidence in smokers.
    		  
    • 22040 β-Carotene purum, ≥97.0% (UV) The most important of the provitamins A, β-carotene can be classified as an antioxidant due to its inhibition of radical initiated peroxidation in vitro. However, in vivo it appears to act either as an antioxidant or a prooxidant depending on cellular environment. It reduces the incidence of many cancers, but enhances lung cancer incidence in smokers.
    		  
    • C1119 Caroverine hydrochloride ≥98% (HPLC), solid Caroverine hydrochloride is a nonselective NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist. Also, Caroverine hydrochloride is a class B calcium-channel-blocker, antiglutamatergic agent, and acts as an antioxidant when administered to lab animals.
    		  
    • 33975 Carprofen VETRANAL™, analytical standard   human ... IL8RA(3577)
    • W224502 Carvacrol ≥98%, FCC, FG   human ... UGT1A4(54657)
    • 282197 Carvacrol 98%   human ... UGT1A4(54657)
    • C3993 Carvedilol ≥98% (HPLC), solid Cavedilol is a non-selective β-adrenergic blocker with α1 blocking activity. Carvedilol is used specifically for the treatment of heart failure and high blood pressure. It has been shown to improve left ventricular ejection fraction and may reduce mortality.
    		  
    • C2460 Casein Kinase II substrate ≥97% (HPLC) Selective substrate for Casein Kinase II.
    		 human ... CSNK2A1(1457), CSNK2A2(1459), CSNK2B(1460)
    mouse ... CSNK2A1(12995), CSNK2A2(13000), CSNK2B(13001)
    rat ... CSNK2A1(116549), CSNK2B(81650)
    • C0567 (−)-Catechin ≥98% (HPLC), from green tea   human ... BACE1(23621)
    • C1251 (+)-Catechin hydrate ≥98% (HPLC), powder An antioxidant flavonoid of plant origin; a free radical scavenger, preventing free radical-mediated damage in a variety of biological systems. For example, at physiological pH catechin suppressed DNA strand breaks by hydroxyl radicals. It has also been shown to prevent human plasma oxidation. It delayed the consumption of endogenous lipid-soluble antioxidants and inhibited lipid oxidation.
    		  
    • C0692 (−)-Catechin gallate ≥98% (HPLC), from green tea Antioxidant constituent of green tea. At μM concentrations, it inhibits VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. It also inhibits aromatase activity, an enzyme that converts androgens to estrogen and is thought to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer.
    		human ... BACE1(23621)
    • C222 Cathine hydrochloride solid Anorexic; with pharmacological effects similar to those of the amphetamines.
    		  
    • C3196 S(−)-Cathinone hydrochloride Alkaloid that is the major central nervous system stimulant of the Khat shrub. Like amphetamine, it is a potent releaser of norepinephrine and dopamine from their intracellular stores.
    		  
    • C6862 CB 34 >98% (HPLC) Selective high affinity ligand at peripheral benzo­diazepine receptors.
    		 human ... BZRAP1(9256)
    rat ... Tspo(24230)
    • C2235   CB 1954 powder CB 1954 is an anticancer prodrug used in gene therapy research; activated by NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 2.
    		  
    • C5374 CB-DMB ≥98% (HPLC) CB-DMB is a specific and potent inhibitor of the Na+-Ca2+exchanger (NCX); pan-inhibitor of the NA+-Ca2+exchanger isoforms.
    		  
    • C6617 CBIQ ≥98% (HPLC), solid CBIQ is an activator of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the intermediate-conductance calcium-sensitive K+ channel (KCNN4). CBIQ is a novel tool for a new ion channel; first activator of ΔF508 CFTR, the mutant form of CFTR chloride channel present in 75% of cystic fibrosis patients. Other benzoquinolines act at the normal CFTR but not at ΔF508 CFTR. CBIQ also activates KCNN4, which hyperpolarizes airway epithelial cells to promote anion flux, a further benefit in cystic fibrosis.
    		  
    • SML0016   CCG-63802 GCC-63802 binds to RGS4 and blocks interaction with Goa (IC50 = 1.9 uM). RGS4 (Regulator of G protein Signaling) is one of the RGP proteins responsible for terminating mu opioid receptor signaling. RSG proteins are GTPase activators, and drive G protein subunits to an inactive, GDP-bound form.
    		  
    • C9369 CCT007093 ≥98% (HPLC), powder, yellow CCT007093 is an effective PPM1D inhibitor that selectively reduces viability of human tumour cell lines.
    		 
    • SML0151 CCT036477 ≥98% (HPLC) CCT036477 is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling. It does not alter β-catenin levels but blocks transcription at the β-catenin level. CCT036477 inhibited growth in several cancer cell lines and showed clear activity in vivo, blocking development of Zebrafish and Xenopus embryos and expression of Wnt target genes.
    		  
    • C5865 CD437 ≥98% (HPLC), solid CD437 is a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)γ-selective agonist, γ-selective retinoid; potent inducer of apoptosis.
    		 human ... RARA(5914), RARB(5915), RARG(5916)
    • C3242 CDKi hydrochloride ≥98% (HPLC), solid CDKi hydrochloride is a potent and selective ATP competitiive inhibitor of cycB-CDK1, cycE-CDK2, and cycD1-CDK4. Demonstrates significant inhibitory activity against a variety of tumor type both in vitro and in vivo.
    		  
    • SML0235 CDPPB ≥98% (HPLC) CDPPB is a glutamate metabotropic mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator.
    		  
    • C6830   Cecropin A ≥97% (HPLC), powder Antibacterial peptide originally identified in moths (Hyalophora cecropia) and later in pig intestine.
    		  
    • C1796   Cecropin B ≥97% (HPLC), powder Antibacterial peptide originally identified in moths (Hyalophora cecropia) and later in pig intestine.
    		  
    • C7927 Cecropin P1 Porcine ≥95% (HPLC), powder Antibacterial peptide originally identified in moths (Hyalophora cecropia) and later in pig intestine.
    		  
    • SML0056   Cefotiam dihydrochloride hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Cefotiam is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic which has been used as a prophylatic antibiotic for MRSA.
    		  
    • SML0037 Ceftibuten hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Ceftibuten is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic
    		  
    • PZ0008 Celecoxib ≥98% (HPLC) Celecoxib is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor. Celecoxib is at least 10-20 times more selective for COX-2 over COX-1.
    		  
    • C4991 Cephalomannine ≥97% (HPLC), solid Cephalomannine is a taxol derivative with antitumor, antiproliferative properties.
    		  
    • C8355 D-erythro-Ceramide C8 1-phosphate ≥93% (TLC), solid Cell permeable stimulator of DNA synthesis in cultured fibroblasts; antagonizes mitogenic activity.
    		  
    • C4832 Ceramide 1-phosphate from bovine brain ~95% Putative second messenger of agonist-stimulated sphingomyelin metabolism; may participate in cell regulation and transmembrane signaling.
    		  
    • C4987   Ceramide phosphorylethanolamine ≥98% (TLC) Sphingolipid with ethanolamine base, found in insect membranes.
    		  
    • C8480 D-erythro-Ceramine C8 98% (TLC), solid Inert to ceramidases; induces peak DNA fragmentation in 6 hrs; induces apoptosis in U937 cells.
    		  
    • SML0005 Cerivastatin sodium salt hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Cerivastatin sodium is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. HMG-CoA is a key enzyme in the production of cholesterol.
    		  
    • C2389 Cerulenin ≥98% (HPLC), from Cephalosporium caerulens Cerulenin, an antibiotic and antifungal, is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis; in vitro inhibition of HIV-1 proteinase.1,2
    		human ... FASN(2194)
    • C3618 Cetirizine dihydrochloride ≥98% (HPLC), solid Cetirizine hydrochloride is an orally active and selective H1-receptor antagonist. Antihistaminic; Piperazines. Non-sedating type histamine H1-receptor antagonist; major metabolite of hydroxyzine. Pharmacological activity resides primarily in the (R)-isomer.
    		  
    • C5249 Cetrorelix acetate ≥98% (HPLC) Cetrorelix acetate is a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor antagonist. It causes prepubertal reduction in bone modeling, bone density and bone strength comparable to post-menopausal bone loss.1
    		  
    • SML0007 Cevimeline hydrochloride hemihydrate ≥95% (HPLC, NMR) Cevimeline is a muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor agonist. Cevimeline stimulates secretion by the salivary glands and is used to treat the symptoms of dry mouth.
    		  
    • C124 β-CFT naphthalenedisulfonate monohydrate solid Cocaine analog that inhibits the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters with Kis of 26.1 nM, 31.9 nM, and 127 nM, respectively. [11C]-β-CFT and [18F]-β-CFT are ligands for PET imaging of the dopamine transporter in vivo.
    		  
    • C2992 CFTR(inh)-172 ≥98% (HPLC), powder CFTR(inh)-172 is an inhibitor of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). With a Ki = 300 nM,. CFTR(inh)-172 leads to rapid, reversible and voltage-independent inhibition; it is an antidiarrheal agent in animals. CTFR(inh)-172 may be a useful tool to study animal models of cystic fibrosis and intestinal fluid loss in cholera and other secretory diarrheas. CTFR(inh)-172 is structurally-unrelated to known, but non-specific CFTR inhibitors DPC, NPPB (Cat. No. N4779) and Glibenclamide.
    		  
    • C125 (±)-CGP-12177A ≥98% (HPLC), solid β-adrenoceptor nonconventional partial agonist.
    		 human ... ADRB1(153), ADRB2(154), ADRB3(155)
    • C0987 CGP-13501 ≥98% (HPLC), solid Positive allosteric modulator of GABAB receptors.
    		 human ... GABBR1(2550), GABBR2(9568)
    • C231 CGP-20712A methanesulfonate salt solid, ≥98% (HPLC) CGP-20712A methanesulfonate salt is a selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist.
    		 human ... ADRB1(153)
    • C5851 CGP 35348 hydrate ≥97% (NMR), solid CGP 35348 hydrate is a GABAB-receptor antagonist.
    		  
    • C160 CGP-42112A ≥95%, synthetic, solid Potent AT2 angiotensin II receptor agonist.
    		 human ... AGTR2(186)
    rat ... AGTR2(11609)
    • C5749 CGP 52608 ≥98%, solid CGP 52608 is a specific activator of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORA).
    		  
    • C7866 CGP-53353 solid Selective PKCβII inhibitor. IC50 - 410 nM for PKCβII vs 3.8 μM for PKCβI. Inhibits nPKCs and aPKCs only above 22 μM and other kinases such as protein kinase A, casein kinase I and II, c-src kinase, c-lyn kinase, c-fgr kinase, and v-abl kinase at an IC50 of greater than 50 μM.
    		 human ... EGFR(1956)
    • C0993 CGP 57380 ≥98% (HPLC), solid CGP 57380 is a cell-permeable selective inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinase 1 (MNK1).
    		  
    • C0862 CGP-7930 >98% (HPLC), solid Positive allosteric modulator of GABAB receptors.
    		 human ... GABBR1(2550), GABBR2(9568)
    • C106 CGS-12066 maleate salt solid 5-HT1B serotonin receptor agonist.
    		 human ... HTR1B(3351)
    • C199 CGS-15943 solid Highly potent, non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA2A(135), ADORA2B(136), ADORA3(140)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369), Adora2b(29316)
    • C141 CGS-21680 hydrochloride hydrate solid Adenosine receptor agonist, which possesses selectivity for A2 verses A1 receptors.
    		 human ... ADORA2A(135), ADORA2B(136)
    • C8124 CH-223191 CH-223191 is a potent and specific aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist. It inhibited TCDD-mediated nuclear translocation and DNA binding of AhR, and inhibited TCDD-induced luciferase activity with an IC50 of 30nM. Unlike some other AhR antagonists which display agonist activity at high concentrations, CH-223191 did not stimulate AhR-dependent transcription even at 100 micromolar. It is also specific for AhR, displaying no affinity for the estrogen receptor, as some other antagonists do.
    		  
    • C9492 Chaetocin from Chaetomium minutum ≥95% (HPLC), ≥98% (TLC) Antibacterial mycotoxin.1 Specific inhibitor of lysine-specific histone methyltransferase making the compound useful in the study of heterochromatin mediated gene repression.2 Selective competitive inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1), a putative mechanism of its anticancer activity.3
    methyltransferase making the compound useful in the study of heterochromatin mediated gene repression.2 Selective competitive inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1), a putative mechanism of its anticancer activity.3
    		  
    • 136123 trans-Chalcone 97%   human ... IL1B(3553)
    rat ... Ar(24208)
    • C7563   Chaperonin 60: Chaperonin 10, 1:1 Mixture from Escherichia coli >95% (SDS-PAGE), recombinant, expressed in E. coli overproducing strain, lyophilized powder   human ... GRIN2A(2903), GRIN2B(2904), GRIN2C(2905), GRIN2D(2906), GRIN3A(116443), GRIN3B(116444), GRINA(2907)
    mouse ... GRIN2A(14811), GRIN2B(14812), GRIN2C(14813), GRIN2D(14814), GRIN3A(242443), GRIN3B(170483), GRINA(66168)
    rat ... GRIN2A(24409), GRIN2B(24410), GRIN2C(24411), GRIN2D(24412), GRIN3A(191573), GRIN3B(170796), GRINA(266668)
    • C7802   Charybdotoxin ≥90% (HPLC) High (BK) or intermediate (IK1) conductance calcium-activated and voltage-gated (Kv1.3) channel blocker.
    Potent and selective inhibitor of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel present in GH3 anterior pituitary cells and primary bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.
    		 human ... KCNA3(3738)
    mouse ... KCNA3(16491)
    rat ... KCNA3(29731)
    • C5856   Charybdotoxin, recombinant from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus recombinant, expressed in E. coli, lyophilized powder Exhibits the same activity as the natural form of the toxin
    		  
    • C2932 Chelerythrine chloride ≥95% (TLC), powder Chelerythrine affects translocation of PKC from cytosol to plasma membrane. Shown to prevent neurite growth. Induces apoptosis in a concentration- and schedule-dependent manner.
    		  
    • C9377 Chenodeoxycholic acid ≥97% Bile Acid
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • C8742 CHIC-35 ≥97% (chiral, HPLC) CHIC-35 is cell-permeable, metabolically stable, and very potent inhibitor of SIRT1; IC50 of S-isomer is 60 nM; IC50 of mixed isomers is 124 nM. There is no inhibition of SIRT3 or HDAC. The IC50 for SIRT2 is 2.77 μM. Sirtuins are protein deacetylases, which represent a new class of histone deacetylases (HDAC) involved in gene silencing. SIRT modulators are potential therapeutics for cancer, diabetes, muscle differentiation, heart failure, neurodegeneration, and aging.
    		  
    • C8679 Chicago Sky Blue 6B powder Large organic acid, structurally related to glutamate, that is a potent and efficient competitive inhibitor of vesicular glutamate uptake.
    		  
    • C3742 Chk2 Inhibitor II hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Chk2 Inhibitor II is a checkpoint kinase 2 inhibitor, which controls the p53 response to DNA breaks induced by radiation, leading to apoptosis. Protection of T-cells from apoptosis implies use as an adjuvant for radiation therapy in cancer. IC50 = 15 nM; Ki = 37 nM. Chk2 Inhibitor II shows 1000-fold greater selectivity for the Chk2 serine/threonine kinase than for the Cdk1/B and CK1 kinases (for which IC50 = 12 μM and 17 μM, respectively). Chk2 Inhibitor II weakly inhibits a panel of 31 other kinases (<25% inhibition at a concentration of 10 μM and prevents apoptosis of human CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells subjected to ionizing radiation (EC50 = 3 μM and 7.6 μM, respectively).
    		 human ... CHEK2(11200)
    • C8383 Chloral hydrate    
    • C8849   α-Chloralose−HBC complex ≥92% α-anomer basis    
    • C0253 Chlorambucil Chlorambucil is an anti-cancer drug that alkylates DNA and induces apoptosis. Death of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells occurs via a p53-dependent mechanism.
    		human ... CYP2D6(1565)
    • 23125 Chlorambucil purum, ≥98.0% (T)   human ... CYP2D6(1565)
    • C0378 Chloramphenicol ≥98% (TLC) Mode of Action: Inhibits translation on the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase step (elongation inhibition). Bacteriostatic.
    Mode of Resistance: Acetylation by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat gene).
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • C7795 Chloramphenicol γ-irradiated Mode of Action: Inhibits translation on the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase step (elongation inhibition). Bacteriostatic.
    Mode of Resistance: Acetylation by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat gene).
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • C1919 Chloramphenicol BioReagent, suitable for plant cell culture Mode of Action: Inhibits translation on the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase step (elongation inhibition). Bacteriostatic.
    Mode of Resistance: Acetylation by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat gene).
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • C0857 Chloramphenicol meets USP testing specifications Mode of Action: Inhibits translation on the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase step (elongation inhibition). Bacteriostatic.
    Mode of Resistance: Acetylation by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat gene).
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • 31667 Chloramphenicol VETRANAL™, analytical standard Mode of Action: Inhibits translation on the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase step (elongation inhibition). Bacteriostatic.
    Mode of Resistance: Acetylation by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat gene).
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • 442513 Chloramphenicol analytical standard Mode of Action: Inhibits translation on the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase step (elongation inhibition). Bacteriostatic.
    Mode of Resistance: Acetylation by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat gene).
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • 23276 Chloramphenicol Ph Eur Mode of Action: Inhibits translation on the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase step (elongation inhibition). Bacteriostatic.
    Mode of Resistance: Acetylation by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat gene).
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • C1863 Chloramphenicol Biotechnology Performance Certified, suitable for plant cell culture Mode of Action: Inhibits translation on the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase step (elongation inhibition). Bacteriostatic.
    Mode of Resistance: Acetylation by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat gene).
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • 45374 Chloranil PESTANAL®, analytical standard   human ... ACHE(43), BCHE(590), CES1(1066)
    • 45378 Chlordane (technical mixture) PESTANAL®, analytical standard   rat ... Ar(24208)
    • 45379 Chlordecone PESTANAL®, analytical standard   rat ... Ar(24208)
    • C5366 Chlorisondamine diiodide ≥98% (HPLC), white solid Irreversible, long-lasting nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.
    		  
    • C1240 Chlormethiazole hydrochloride ≥98% (HPLC), powder GABAA agonist; glycine receptor modulator.
    		  
    • O001 β-Chlornaltrexamine dihydrochloride solid Irreversible μ, δ and κ opioid receptor antagonist.
    		  
    • 77460 2-Chloroacetophenone purum, ≥98.0% (GC)   human ... PTPN6(5777)
    • C19686 2-Chloroacetophenone 98%   human ... PTPN6(5777)
    • C5134 2-Chloroadenosine Selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA3(140)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369), Adora3(25370)
    • C1081 8-Chloroadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic-monophosphate ≥85% Membrane-permeable cAMP analog; resistant to hydrolysis by phosphodiesterases.
    		  
    • C0610 8-Chloroadenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer ≥99% (HPLC) Competitive inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) type I. Membrane-permeable analog of the cAMP inhibitor Rp-cAMPS (Prod. No. A-165).
    		  
    • C9635 DL-p-Chloroamphetamine hydrochloride ≥94% (HPLC) Neurotoxic on prolonged administration or at high dosage; substrate for the serotonin transporter that releases serotonin from axon terminals by a nonexocytotic mechanism and blocks the reuptake of serotonin; inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase.
    		  
    • C130 Chloro-APB hydrobromide solid Full D1 dopamine receptor agonist.
    		 human ... DRD1(1812)
    • C1610 1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid >98% (HPLC) Putative inhibitor of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1).
    		 human ... ABCC1(4363)
    • C7938 2-Chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine adenosine receptor agonist A1 adenosine receptor agonist with high selectivity: reportedly 10,000-fold for A1 over A2 receptors.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA2A(135), ADORA2B(136), ADORA3(140)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369), Adora3(25370)
    • C4438 2-Chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine antileukemic Deoxyadenosine analog resistant to adenosine deaminase; antileukemic with immunosuppressive activity
    		 human ... NP(4860)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369), Adora3(25370)
    • C33301 2-Chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine 95%   mouse ... Esr1(13982)
    • C5174 4′-Chlorodiazepam ≥98% (TLC) 4′-Chlorodiazepam (Ro5-4864) is a potent selective antagonist of the mitochondrial translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO), formerly known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). Ro5-4864 does not bind to GABA(A) receptors and lacks typical benzodiazepine effects, but has been found to be neuroprotective in several studies.
    		 rat ... Tspo(24230)
    • 31820 2-Chloro-N,N-diethylethylamine hydrochloride purum, ≥98.0% (AT)    
    • 272507 2-Chloro-2′,4′-difluoroacetophenone 98%   human ... PTPN6(5777)
    • C34405 2-Chloro-3′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone 97%   human ... PTPN6(5777)
    • 542229 2-Chloro-3′,4′-dimethoxybenzil 97%   human ... ACHE(43), BCHE(590), CES1(1066)
    • B003 Chloroethylclonidine dihydrochloride solid Irreversible α1B-adrenoceptor alkylating agent.
    		 human ... ADRA1B(147)
    • C8417 N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride ≥98%, solid Adrenergic neurotoxin that induces acute and relatively selective degeneration of both central and peripheral noradrenergic nerve terminals.
    		  
    • 132888 2-Chloro-4′-fluoroacetophenone 99%   human ... PTPN6(5777)
    • 402184 6-Chloro-3-formyl-7-methylchromone 98%   human ... PTPN1(5770)
    • C3878 Chlorogenic acid ≥95% (titration)   rat ... G6pc(25634)
    • C5982 7-Chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine solid A1 adenosine receptor antagonist.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA2A(135)
    rat ... Adora3(25370)
    • C277 Chloro-IB-MECA solid, ≥98% (HPLC) A3 adenosine receptor agonist.
    		 human ... ADORA1(134), ADORA2A(135), ADORA2B(136), ADORA3(140)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369), Adora3(25370)
    • 35833 4-Chloro-2-methylphenol PESTANAL®, analytical standard   rat ... Ar(24208)
    • C55208 4-Chloro-2-methylphenol 97%   rat ... Ar(24208)
    • 442407 4-Chloro-2-methylphenol analytical standard   rat ... Ar(24208)
    • 185752 1-Chloronaphthalene technical grade   human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • S143 (±)-6-Chloro-PB hydrobromide ≥98% (HPLC), solid (+/-)-6-Chloro-PB HBr is a full D1 dopamine receptor agonist.
    		 human ... DRD1(1812)
    • 36747 3-Chlorophenol PESTANAL®, analytical standard   rat ... Ar(24208)
    • C62808 3-Chlorophenol 98%   rat ... Ar(24208)
    • C8655 4-Chloro-L-phenylalanine Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor.
    		 human ... TPH1(7166), TPH2(121278)
    mouse ... TPH1(21990), TPH2(216343)
    rat ... TPH1(24848), TPH2(317675)
    • C6506 4-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor.
    		 human ... TPH1(7166), TPH2(121278)
    • C3635 4-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor. Crosses blood brain barrier better than p−chlorophenylalanine.
    		 human ... TPH1(7166), TPH2(121278)
    • C144 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)biguanide hydrochloride solid Very potent 5-HT3 serotonin receptor agonist.
    		 human ... HTR3A(3359), HTR3B(9177), HTR3C(170572), HTR3D(200909), HTR3E(285242)
    • 25925 1-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane for diagnostic uses (cancer investigation), ≥98% (HPLC)   rat ... Ar(24208)
    • 332992 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea 99%   human ... EPHX2(2053)
    mouse ... Ephx2(13850)
    • 125180 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine hydrochloride 99% 5-HT2c serotonin receptor agonist; metabolite of trazodone.
    		 rat ... Htr1a(24473)
    • 73659 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazine ≥98.0% (GC)   rat ... Htr3a(79246)
    • C3912 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt ≥97.0% (HPLC), powder Membrane permeable cAMP analog. Used as a selective activator of cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA). Inhibits cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase and, at higher concentrations, inhibits cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase. Inhibits phosphoinositide hydrolysis and secretion stimulated by n-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe but not platelet-activating factor in leukocytes. Renders HL-60 cells more resistant to NO-induced DNA damage.
    		human ... PRKAR1A(5573), PRKAR1AP(5574), PRKAR1B(5575), PRKAR2A(5576), PRKAR2B(5577)
    • C0735 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic Monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer sodium salt ≥99% (HPLC), solid Lipophilic analog of the competitive inhibitor of protein kinase A (cyclic AMP antagonist).
    		  
    • C5438 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt ~95% (HPLC), powder Membrane-permeable analog of cGMP that does not affect cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterase. A more potent cGMP analog than 8-Br-cGMP due to greater membrane permeability and a higher resistance to hydrolysis by phosphodiesterase. Used as a selective activator of cGMP dependent protein kinase (PKG). Found to be a very potent cyclic nucleotide-gated channel agonist.
    		  
    • C240 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp Isomer triethylammonium salt ≥98% (HPLC), solid Rp-8-CPT-cGMP is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase G Ia, Ib, and type II.
    		  
    • C8988 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-2′-O-methyladenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate monosodium hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Analog of natural cAMP, potent and specific membrane-permeant activator of exchange factors directly activated by cAMP (Epac or cAMP-GEF), a new receptor for cyclic AMP
    		  
    • C6628 Chloroquine diphosphate salt solid, ≥98% Standard anti-malarial drug. Substrate for MRP in multidrug resistant cell line and inhibits photoaffinity labeling of MRP by quinoline-based photoactive drug IAAQ (N-[4-[1-hydroxy-2-(dibutylamino)ethyl]quinolin-8-yl]-4-azidosalicylamide).
    		 human ... ABCC1(4363)
    • C70908 5-Chlorosalicylic acid 98%   human ... ALB(213)
    • C197 8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine ≥98% (HPLC), solid Selective A2A adenosine receptor antagonist.
    		 human ... ADORA2A(135)
    mouse ... Maob(109731)
    rat ... Adora1(29290), Adora2a(25369)
    • 142662 Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate 98%   human ... ABCB1(5243), FPR1(2357)
    • C4911 Chlorothiazide thiazide diuretic   human ... CA1(759), CA4(762), SLC12A3(6559)
    • C5238   Chlorotoxin from Leiurus quinquestriatus (north Africa) recombinant, expressed in E. coli, ≥98% (HPLC), lyophilized powder Potent blocker of small-conductance Cl- channels.
    		 
    • C3025 (±)-Chlorpheniramine maleate salt ≥99% (perchloric acid titration) H1 Histamine receptor antagonist.
    		 human ... HRH1(3269)
    • C4915 S-(+)-Chlorpheniramine maleate salt H1 histamine receptor antagonist; active isomer.
    		 human ... HRH1(3269)
    • C8138 Chlorpromazine hydrochloride ≥98% (TLC) Chlorpromazine demonstrates cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity against leukemic cells, but does not affect the viability of normal lymphocytes.
    Phenothiazine antipsychotic; D2 dopamine receptor antagonist, H1 histamine receptor antagonist; inhibits calmodulin-dependent stimulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and nitric oxide synthase.
    		 human ... DRD2(1813), HRH1(3269)
    • C0982 Chlorpromazine hydrochloride meets USP testing specifications Chlorpromazine demonstrates cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity against leukemic cells, but does not affect the viability of normal lymphocytes.
    Phenothiazine antipsychotic; D2 dopamine receptor antagonist, H1 histamine receptor antagonist; inhibits calmodulin-dependent stimulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and nitric oxide synthase.
    		  
    • C1290   Chlorpropamide ≥97%   human ... ALB(213), EPHX2(2053), KCNJ1(3758)
    mouse ... Ephx2(13850)
    • C1671 Chlorprothixene hydrochloride D2 dopamine receptor antagonist; blocks a subset of GABAA receptors in rat cortex that is also blocked by clozapine; thioxanthine antipsychotic.
    		 human ... DRD2(1813)
    • C4397 Chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone is a skeletal muscle relaxant.
    		  
    • C1244 CHM-1 hydrate ≥99% (HPLC), solid CHM-1 possess antimitotic antitumor activity. It is a potent and selective antitumor agent in human hepatocellular carcinoma. CHM-1 induces apoptosis, and it binds tubulin and inhibits tubulin polymerization.
    		  
    • C9756 Cholecalciferol ≥98% (HPLC) Vitamin D acts through a receptor that is a member of the ligand-dependent transcription factor superfamily. Modulates the proliferation and differentiation of both normal and cancer cells. Has antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects on breast, colon, and prostate cancer cells. Activated vitamin D receptors in intestine and bone maintain calcium absorbance and homeostasis.
    		 
    • C1357 Cholecalciferol meets USP testing specifications Vitamin D acts through a receptor that is a member of the ligand-dependent transcription factor superfamily. Modulates the proliferation and differentiation of both normal and cancer cells. Has antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects on breast, colon, and prostate cancer cells. Activated vitamin D receptors in intestine and bone maintain calcium absorbance and homeostasis.
    		 
    • T6515 Cholecystokinin Fragment 30-33 Amide ≥95% (HPLC) CCKB cholecystokinin receptor agonist; anxiogenic.
    		 human ... CCK(885)
    rat ... Cckbr(25706)
    • C8052   Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae ~95% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder, 1 × 105-1 × 106 units/mg protein Toxin consisting of an A subunit (27 kDa) surrounded by five B subunits (approximately 12 kDa each), which attach the toxin to ganglioside GM1 on the cell surface. The A subunit catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs), reducing GTPase activity and activating the α-subunit. This activation of Gαs leads to an increase in the activity of adenylyl cyclase, resulting in increased levels of cAMP. Also ADP-ribosylates transducin in the eye rod outer segments, inactivating its GTPase activity. Cholera toxin has also been reported to ADP-ribosylate tubulin. Shown to be a potent mucosal vaccine adjuvant, inducing T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting the production of interleukin-12.
    		  
    • C8180   Cholera Toxin A Subunit from Vibrio cholerae lyophilized powder Catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of G proteins, reducing GTPase activity and activating the α-subunit; also catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of cell membrane adenylyl cyclase
    		  
    • C9903   Cholera Toxin B subunit ≥95% (SDS-PAGE), lyophilized powder The cholera toxin B subunit is used for track tracing in neurological research, taking advantage of GM1 ganglioside binding and retrograde transport. Tissue culture cells treated with cholera toxin are not killed and tissues of animals do not become necrotic.
    		  
    • C167   Cholera Toxin B subunit solid The cholera toxin B subunit is used for track tracing in neurological research, taking advantage of GM1 ganglioside binding and retrograde transport. Tissue culture cells treated with cholera toxin are not killed and tissues of animals do not become necrotic.
    		  
    • C3741   Cholera Toxin B subunit peroxidase conjugate (Contains ~ 2 moles HRP/mole of CTB. ~100 μg HRP conjugated to ~45 μg CTB), lyophilized powder The cholera toxin B subunit is used for track tracing in neurological research, taking advantage of GM1 ganglioside binding and retrograde transport. Tissue culture cells treated with cholera toxin are not killed and tissues of animals do not become necrotic.
    		  
    • 47129 Cholestanol 10 mg/mL in chloroform, analytical standard   human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Polb(29240)
    • D6128 5α-Cholestan-3β-ol ≥95%   human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Polb(29240)
    • C75209 Cholesterol 94% Major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol.
    		  
    • C8667 Cholesterol Sigma Grade, ≥99% Major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol.
    		 human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Ar(24208), Polb(29240)
    • C8503 Cholesterol from sheep wool, ≥92.5% (GC), powder Major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol.
    		 human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Ar(24208), Polb(29240)
    • C3045 Cholesterol powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, ≥99.0% Major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol.
    		 human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Ar(24208), Polb(29240)
    • C3292 Cholesterol ≥95% (GC), powder, Ash, free Major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol.
    		 human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Ar(24208), Polb(29240)
    • 20808 Cholesterol meets analytical specification of NF Major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol.
    		 human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Ar(24208), Polb(29240)
    • 26740 Cholesterol from lanolin, ≥95.0% (GC) Major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol.
    		 human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Ar(24208), Polb(29240)
    • C1231 Cholesterol cGMP, ≥98%, SyntheChol™ synthetic Major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is cholesterol.
    		 human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Ar(24208), Polb(29240)
    • 47127-U Cholesterol solution 10 mg/mL in chloroform, analytical standard   human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Ar(24208), Polb(29240)
    • C1145   Cholesterol–PEG 600    
    • C1129 Cholic acid from ox or sheep bile, ≥98% Bile Acid
    		 human ... CYP1A2(1544)
    • C1629 Choline bitartrate Acyl group acceptor
    		  
    • C1879 Choline chloride ≥98% The enzymatic activities of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), two serum enzymes synthesized by the liver and related with inflammation, were decreased in a sepsis animal model injected with LPS. Choline chloride administered intravenously at 20 mg/kg body weight prevents the LPS-mediated decreases in the activities of these two enzymes 1.
    		  
    • C7743 CHPG ≥98% (HPLC), white solid CHPG is a selective, potent mGluR5 agonist. CHO cells expressing mGluR5 (but not those expressing mGluR1) are activated by CHPG. In vivo, CHPG stimulates thalamic neurons and is antagonized by MPEP (selective mGluR5 antagonist); CHPG potentiates NMDA and AMPA responses in spinal cord and produces oscillations in intracellular calcium in dorsal root ganglion cells.
    		  
    • C2615 Chromanol 293B ≥98% (HPLC), powder Blocker of the slow delayed rectifier K+ current via KCNQ1 channels
    		  
    • C0868 Chromeceptin ≥98% (HPLC), solid Chromeceptin inhibits Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) signaling by a process that begins with chromeceptin binding to multifunctional protein 2 (MFP-2). This interaction stimulates the expression of IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), both of which activate signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) to attenuate IGF signals.
    		  
    • C2659 Chromomycin A3 from Streptomyces griseus ≥95% (HPLC) An antibiotic exhibiting anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and antitumor activities. Serves as a fluorescent DNA stain. Useful for the detection of protamine deficiency in sperm chromatin. The compound blocks macromolecule synthesis by a specific, reversible interaction with DNA in the presence of bivalent metal ions. Binding to DNA minor groove mediates an efficient competitive inhibition of DNA gyrase and significantly affects topoisomerase II activity.
    		  
    • 27100 Chromomycin A3 from Streptomyces griseus for fluorescence, ~95% (HPLC)    
    • 532576 Chromone-3-carboxylic acid 97%   human ... PTPN1(5770)
    • C1115 Chrysamine G ≥95% (HPLC), solid New probe for ß-amyloid aggregates.
    		  
    • C80105 Chrysin 97%   human ... CDC2(983), CDK5(1020), CDK6(1021), CYP19A1(1588), CYP1A2(1544), GSK3A(2931)
    mouse ... Hexa(15211), Ptgs2(19225)
    rat ... Gabra2(29706)
    • C6616 Chrysomycin A ≥98% (HPLC), solid Antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. Inhibits the catalytic activity of human topoisomerase II. Exhibits antitumor activity against human cell lines K562, HT29, MCF7, PC6, and MKN28.
    		  
    • C7268 Chymostatin microbial Chymostatin is a strong inhibitor of many proteases, including chymotrypsin, papain, chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases, chymases, and lysosomal cysteine proteinases such as cathepsins A,B,C, B, H, and L. It weakly inhibits human leucocyte elastase. It is effective at a final concentration of 100 to 200 μg/ml (10 to 100 μM). Chymostatin is often included in protease inhibitor cocktails used with plant extracts.
    Inhibits the lysosomal proteinase cathepsin B, and the soluble Ca2+-activated proteinase.1 Many young plant tissues express a chomostatin-sensitive serine protease.2
    		  
    • S5442 SyntheChol™ NS0 Supplement 500 ×, synthetic cholesterol, animal component-free, aqueous solution, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture   human ... POLA1(5422), TOP2A(7153)
    rat ... Ar(24208), Polb(29240)