| D6883 | 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate ≥97% | | pricing |
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| D5439 | 2,3-Dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone ≥99%, solid | | pricing |
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| N7389 | 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine crystalline | Oxidant and cytotoxic agent.
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| H5653 | 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine ≥98% (TLC) | A marker compound typically indicative of DNA damage associated with mutagenesis and carcinogenesis
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| G4251 | L-Glutathione reduced ≥98.0% | Endogenous antioxidant that plays a major role in reducing reactive oxygen species formed during cellular metabolism and the respiratory burst. Glutathione-S-transferase catalyzes the formation of glutathione thioethers with xenobiotics, leukotrienes, and other molecules that have an electrophilic center. Glutathione also forms disulfide bonds with cysteine residues in proteins. Via these mechanisms, it can have the paradoxical effect of reducing the efficacy of anti-cancer agents.
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| B8810 | BAY 41-2272 ≥97% (HPLC), solid | BAY 41-2272 is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase at a novel, NO-independent regulatory site. BAY 41-2272 is the first product that stimulates sGC through a non-NO mechanism. BAY 41-2272 inhibits platelet aggregation and induces vasorelaxation without nitrate tolerance.
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| B3687 | Biliverdin Reductase A human recombinant, expressed in Escherichia coli, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), buffered aqueous solution | Biliverdin reductase catalyzes the transformation of the blue-green pigment biliverdin IX to the yellow-orange bile pigment bilirubin IX by converting a double-bond between the second and third pyrrole ring into a single-bond.1 This enzyme has two distinct cofactor-dependent pH optima. In the acidic range of pH 6.0-6.7, NADH is utilized, whereas in the alkaline range of pH 8.5-8.7, NADPH is utilized.2 Biliverdin reductase is considered a major physiologic cytoprotectant. Biliverdin reductase suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats.3 Depletion of biliverdin reductase leads to accumulation of cellular oxidants and augmented cell death.4
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| G5298 | Glutaredoxin-1 human recombinant, expressed in Escherichia coli, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE)  | Glutaredoxins (GRXs) participate in thio-disulfide exchange reactions in the presence of GSH, NADPH, and glutathione reductase. Glutaredoxins and thioredoxins belong to related families of low molecular weight enzymes that catalyze thio-disulfide exchange reactions. These enzymes are involved in electron transport, formation of disulfide linkage, protein folding and protein regulation by thiol redox control.
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| G8761 | Gossypol from cotton seeds ≥95% (HPLC) | male antifertility agent
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| H9538 | HNE-DMA hexane solution, ≥85% (GC) | Stable form of HNE; toxic second messenger of free radicals.
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| T4138 | HT-2 toxin | | pricing |
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| H1009 | Hydrogen peroxide solution 30 % (w/w) in H2O | | pricing |
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| M5625 | Menadione crystalline | Free-radical generator
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| M5750 | Menadione sodium bisulfite ≥95% (TLC) | Menadione sodium bisulfite is a water-soluble form of menadione, which belongs to the Vitamin K class of compounds. These are necessary for the biosynthesis of prothrombin and other blood clotting factors. Menadione is a prothrombogenic compound and is used as a model quinone in cell culture and in vivo investigations.
Menadione has been shown to affect gap-junctional intercellular communication by mediation of tyrosine phosphorylation. Menadione has demonstrated cytotoxic activity against a variety of cell lines and can induce apoptosis in cultured cells, such as osteoclasts and osteoblasts, via elevation of peroxide and superoxide radical levels.
An HPLC method for detection of menadione sodium bisulfite in multivitamin formulations has been published. A chemiluminescence assay for menadione sodium bisulfite in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids has been reported.
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| M9411 | Myristicin from parsley leaf oil ≥85% (HPLC), oil | Myristicin induces the expression of glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 (Cyp1a-1) in liver cells. May enhance detoxification of carcinogenic substances.
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| P9625 | Phenazine methosulfate ≥90% (UV) | | pricing |
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| P8124 | Pyoverdines from Pseudomonas fluorescens, >90% (HPLC) | Pyoverdines, also called pseuobactins and pyoverdins, are fluorescent siderophores that have high affinity for iron (1032 M-1), and are synthesized by fluorescent pseudomonads under iron-deficient growth conditions.1 Pyoverdines were shown to prevent iron toxicity produced by iron overload in hepatocyte cultures2, and effectively scavenges the hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals.3 Pyoverdines are effective in acquiring iron from transferrin and lactoferrin.4 Pyoverdines are also involved in the suppression of pythium-induced damping-off of tomato5, and promotion of growth in some higher plants.
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| P8374 | Pyoverdines−Fe complex from Pseudomonas fluorescens, >90% (HPLC) | Pyoverdines, also called pseuobactins and pyoverdins, are fluorescent siderophores that have high affinity for iron (1032 M-1), and are synthesized by fluorescent pseudomonads under iron-deficient growth conditions.1 Pyoverdines were shown to prevent iron toxicity produced by iron overload in hepatocyte cultures2, and effectively scavenges the hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals.3 Pyoverdines are effective in acquiring iron from transferrin and lactoferrin.4 Pyoverdines are also involved in the suppression of pythium-induced damping-off of tomato5, and promotion of growth in some higher plants.
The complex ferri-pyoverdine acts as a signaling molecule inducing the production of secreted virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.6 Ferri-pyoverdines promote the growth of both P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa in minimal medium.
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| P8249 | Pyoverdines−Gallium (III) complex from Pseudomonas fluorescens, >90% (HPLC) | Pyoverdines, also called pseuobactins and pyoverdins, are fluorescent siderophores that have high affinity for iron (1032 M-1), and are synthesized by fluorescent pseudomonads under iron-deficient growth conditions.1 Pyoverdines were shown to prevent iron toxicity produced by iron overload in hepatocyte cultures2, and effectively scavenges the hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals.3 Pyoverdines are effective in acquiring iron from transferrin and lactoferrin.4 Pyoverdines are also involved in the suppression of pythium-induced damping-off of tomato5, and promotion of growth in some higher plants.
Gallium-pyoverdines act as growth inhibitors of both P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa possibly due to gallium interference with bacterial iron metabolism.
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| S3132 | Seleno-L-methionine ≥98% (TLC), powder | Selenomethionine displays antioxidant activity 1 and has been shown to increase the activity of glutathione peroxidase in endothelial cells.2 Glutathione peroxidase protects cells from oxidative damage, such as DNA strand breaks, mutations and interference with protein tyrosine-based signaling and other protein functions due to formation of 3-nitrotyrosine, caused by excessive peroxynitrite.3,4 Selenomethionine administration to cancer cell lines (MCF-7/S breast carcinoma, DU-145 prostate cancer cells and UACC-375 melanoma) results in apoptotic cell death and aberrant mitosis. These human tumor cell lines exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibition by selenomethionine in the micromolar range (45 to 130 μM), while growth inhibition of normal fibroblasts required 1 mM selenomethionine.5
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| T4887 | T-2 Toxin from Fusarium sp., powder | The trichothecenes, such as T2 Toxin, are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. They are commonly present in foods and feed of cereal origin. T-2 toxin induces DNA damage and cell death on prolonged administration. These effects can be partially blocked by antioxidants, such as glutathione, coenzyme Q10, or α-tocopherol. Increases blood-brain barrier permeability and inhibits monoamine oxidase activity in brain.
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| T0910 | Thioredoxin from Escherichia coli recombinant, expressed in Escherichia coli, essentially salt-free, lyophilized powder, ≥3 units/mg protein | Mediates the reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins.
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| T8690 | Thioredoxin human ≥90% (SDS-PAGE), recombinant, expressed in Escherichia coli (N-terminal histidine-tagged), essentially salt-free, lyophilized powder, ≥5 units/mg | Mediates the reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins.
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| P6238 | trans-5-Phenyl-4-pentenyl hydroperoxide ≥90%, Solution in ethanol | Hydroperoxide compound used to assay peroxidase activity. Reduced to 5-phenyl-4E-pentenol (PPA) by plant and animal peroxidases in the presence of reducing substrates by a reaction that can be monitored spectrophotometrically.
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