Immunomodulators and Antibiotics

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SML0471 A22 hydrochloride ≥95% (HPLC) New A22 is an inhibitor of MreB, an actin-like bacterial protein, and has been shown to act as an antiobiotic adjuvant. A22 inhibition of MreB disrupts the bacterial actin cytoskeleton, which can cause an increase in cell permeability and altered transport. A22 has been shown to have synergistic effects with several antibiotics including novobiocin and rifampin in gram negative bacteria.
    • A3609 AC-55541 ≥98% (HPLC), powder  
    • A9346 Acetyl-Cys(dodecyl) chloromethyl ketone ≥90% (HPLC), solid Potent cytotoxic chloromethylketone against human-lineage and T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines
    • A9486 AG-09/1 ≥98% (HPLC) AG-09/1 is a selective formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) agonist; it activates chemotaxis in human neutrophils. Formyl peptide recetors (FPRs) are GPCRs mainly expressed in phagocytic leukocytes but with lower expression in many other cell types. Formyl peptides, act as Alarmins and are released from bacteria and damaged mitochondria, serving as chemoattractants for phagocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation, resulting in immune response. Because the endogenous ligands for FPRs are peptides and arachadonic acid metabolites, there are few small molecule tools for these receptors. A recent HTS of commercially available libraries yielded several FPR-1 selective agonists, of which AG-091 was the most potent. AG-091 induced intracellular calcium flux in FPR-1- but not FPR-2-expressing cells. It also caused chemotaxis and intracellular calcium flux in human leukocytes. AG-091 is a valuable tool for studying FPR1 function in immune and other disease states.
    • SRP0185 ALAS2 Active human recombinant, expressed in E. coli, ≥90% (SDS-PAGE)  
    • A3227 Ala-Tyr-Pro-Gly-Lys-Phe-NH2 trifluoroacetate salt ≥98% (HPLC), solid AYPGK is a ligand for the PAR4 receptor; binding results in activation of PAR4. AYPGK stimulates platelet aggregation in vitro (EC50 =15 μM) via PAR4. In human platelets treated with the PAR4 agonist, AYPGKF stimulates the production of thromboxane, a potent agent for platelet-aggregation.1 Additionally, AYPGKF mediates the thrombin-induced release of endostatin from rat platelets.
    • SML0517 Amlexanox ≥98% (HPLC) New Amlexanox is an anti-allergy and anti-asthma drug that blocks histamine and leukotriene release from leukocytes and mast cells. Amlexanox has also been shown to inhibit cahaperone activity of Hsp90, and S100A13, which is involved in transport of proteins devoid of signal peptide sequences.
    • SML0283 Amorolfine hydrochloride ≥98% (HPLC) Amorolfine is a broad-based antifungal agent with fungicidal effects against most fungi, dermatophytes and yeasts. Amorolfine blocks ergosterol biosynthesis by interfering with delta 14 reduction and the delta 7-8 isomerisation.
    • A9361 Artemether ≥98% (HPLC) Artemether is a methyl ether derivative of artemisinin. It is used against multi-drug resistant strains of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and shows potential in treatment of schistosomiasis.1
    • A3835 Ascomycin from Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ascomyceticus Strong immunosuppressant; inhibits allogenic T-lymphocyte proliferation. It binds with high affinity to FKBP and inhibits calcineurin phosphatase in the nM range.
    • A7986 Atovaquone ≥98% (HPLC) Atovaquone is an anti-protozoal mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor; Antimalarial; Antipneumocystic, and has also been used to treat toxoplasmosis. It is an analog of protozoan mitochondrial protein ubiquinone, and acts by inhibiting the cytochrome bc(1) complex via interactions with the Rieske iron-sulfur protein and cytochrome b in the ubiquinol oxidation pocket.
    • A6733 Auranofin ≥98% (HPLC) Auranofin inhibits various leukocyte activation pathways at multiple sites. Auranofin inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators from human macrophages, basophils, and pulmonary mast cells. The compound also inhibits 5-lipoxygenase in human neutrophils. Auranofin is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). The compound is a potent inhibitor of selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which is involved in defense against oxidative stress. Auranofin is an efficient inducer of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore in the presence of calcium ions related to its inhibition of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase. Auranofin inhibits IKB kinase (IKK) by modifying Cys-179 of the IKKβ subunit 5.
    • PZ0123 Avridine ≥97% (HPLC) Avridine is a potent synthetic adjuvant that can induce arthritis in most rat strains; immunomodulator and interferon-inducing.
    • PZ0007 Azithromycin dihydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Azithromycin dihydrate is a macrolide antibiotic, azalide subclass. It binds to the 50S subunit of the 70S bacterial ribosomes and inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Azithromycin also has anti-immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties, which make it useful in treating cystic fibrosis.
    • SML0102 Bac2A trifluoroacetate salt ≥98% (HPLC) Bac2A is an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide. Bac2A is a linear variant of bactenecin. Recent studies show that Bac2A is very effective against fungal pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and Fusarium graminearum. In these studies, Bac2A antifungal activity was not due to membrane destabilization but rather to interaction with intracellular targets.
    • SRP4524 BD-3 human recombinant, expressed in E. coli, ≥98% (SDS-PAGE)  
    • SML0637 BD750 ≥98% (HPLC) New BD750 is a benzothiazole derivative that inhibits proliferation of T-cells by a mechanism that involves inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation and expression of cyclin D3 and CDK6. In the presence of BD750, human and mouse T cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28, alloantigen, PMA or ConA undergo G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, but express CD25 and CD69 and secrete IL-2 and IL-4. BD750 inhibits delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice.
    • B0385 Beclomethasone ≥99% An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid.
    • SRP3013 Beta D-4 human recombinant, expressed in E. coli, ≥98% (SDS-PAGE), ≥98% (HPLC), cell culture tested Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. Recombinant human BD-4 is a 6.0 kDa protein containing 50 amino acid residues.
    • SRP3011 Beta D-1 (36 aa) human recombinant, expressed in E. coli, ≥98% (SDS-PAGE), ≥98% (HPLC), cell culture tested Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. Recombinant human BD-1 is a 3.9 kDa protein containing 36 amino acid residues.
    • SRP3012 Beta D-1 (47 aa) human recombinant, expressed in E. coli, ≥98% (SDS-PAGE), ≥98% (HPLC), cell culture tested Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. Recombinant human BD-1 is a 5.0 kDa protein containing 47 amino acid residues.
    • SML0306 Biapenem ≥98% (HPLC) Biapenem is a broad spectrum, carbapenem-based antibiotic with activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.
    • B3563 Bifonazole ≥98% (HPLC) Bifonazole is an imidazole-based anti-fungal agent with broad spectrum activity against many fungi, molds, yeast and some Gram-positive bacteria. Bifonazole inhibits ergosterol biosynthetic protein 28 and Cytochrome P450 2B4.
    • PZ0022 BLI-489 hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) BLI-489 is a penem β-lactamase inhibitor, which has shown activity against class A, C, and D β-lactamases. BLI-489 is being tested in combination therapy for drug-resistant bacteria.
    • B1936 Borrelidin from Streptomyces sp., ≥95% (HPLC), lyophilized powder Borrelidin is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor that induces apoptosis in capillary tube-forming cells. Also displays antimalarial activity against drug-resistant Plasmodia. Antimicrobial and selective threonyl t-RNA synthetase inhibitor.
    • B3061 Borrelidin from Streptomyces parvulus, ≥98% (HPLC) Borrelidin is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor that induces apoptosis in capillary tube-forming cells. Also displays antimalarial activity against drug-resistant Plasmodia. Antimicrobial and selective threonyl t-RNA synthetase inhibitor.
    • SML0113 Brequinar sodium salt hydrate ≥97% (HPLC) Brequinar inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, preventing the synthesis of DNA and RNA. Brequinar has recently been found to have antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses including flaviviruses (dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, and Powassan virus) and also a plus-strand RNA alphavirus (Western equine encephalitis virus) and a negative-strand RNA rhabdovirus (vesicular stomatitis virus).
    • SML0218 Bropirimine ≥98% (HPLC) Bropirimine is an immunostimulating agent. The compound induces production of α and β interferons and enhances NK cell function. Bropirimine has antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines and tumor growth in in vivo models.
    • B7777 Budesonide ≥99% Budesonide is a second generation glucocorticoid with low systemic absorption. It is used as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. It inhibits the expression of chemokine mRNA and production of eotaxin and RANTES protein in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Budesonide is currently in clinical trials for the prevention of lung cancer. It shows inhibitory effects on benzo[a]pyrene-induced carcinogenesis of the lung in mice.
    • C6374 Caerulomycin A from Streptomyces caeruleus, ≥98% (HPLC) Caerulomycins produced by Streptomyces caeruleus are bipyridinic molecules endowed with antibiotic properties. Caerulomycin A was found to have a strong anti-fungal and anti-amoebic activity, and a mild antibacterial activity.
    • CS1130 Carboxypeptidase A Assay Kit sufficient for 200 assays (96-well plates), sufficient for 40 assays (1 mL cuvettes)  
    • C4866 Cardiogenol C hydrochloride ≥97% (HPLC), solid Cardiogenol C hydrochloride is a cardiomyogenesis inducer in embryonic stem cells.
    • SML0425 Caspofungin diacetate ≥97% (HPLC) Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal that inhibits 1,3-?-D-glucan synthase, which is required for cell wall synthesis, thereby disturbing the integrity of the fungal cell wall.
    • C6830 Cecropin A ≥97% (HPLC), powder Antibacterial peptide originally identified in moths (Hyalophora cecropia) and later in pig intestine.
    • C1796 Cecropin B ≥97% (HPLC), powder Antibacterial peptide originally identified in moths (Hyalophora cecropia) and later in pig intestine.
    • C7927 Cecropin P1 Porcine ≥95% (HPLC), powder Antibacterial peptide originally identified in moths (Hyalophora cecropia) and later in pig intestine.
    • SML0056 Cefotiam dihydrochloride hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Cefotiam is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic which has been used as a prophylatic antibiotic for MRSA.
    • SML0037 Ceftibuten hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Ceftibuten is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic
    • C8118 Chymase human recombinant, expressed in Pichia pastoris  
    • CS1140 Chymase Activity Assay Kit sufficient for 150 assays (100 μL), sufficient for 30 assays (1 mL)  
    • C0399 Cromolyn sodium salt ≥95% Cromolyn blocks the release of histamine and other pro-inflammatory mediators from mast cells.
    • C7821 Curdlan from Alcaligenes faecalis Curdlan is a (1,3)-β-glucan. It is a pathogen-associated molecular-pattern (PAMP) recognized by the receptor dectin-1. Activation of dectin-1, together with TLR2/TLR6, promotes signaling resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus inducing inflammation.1
    • C3662 Cyclosporin A from Tolypocladium inflatum, ≥95% (HPLC), solid A fungal metabolite possessing potent immunosuppressive properties. It inhibits the T-cell receptor signal transduction pathway via the formation of cyclosporin A−cyclophilin complex that inhibits calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B). Inhibits nitric oxide synthesis induced by interleukin 1α, lipopolysaccharides and TNFα. Can block cytochrome c release from mitochondria.
    • C1832 Cyclosporin A from Tolypocladium inflatum, BioReagent, for molecular biology, ≥95% A fungal metabolite possessing potent immunosuppressive properties. It inhibits the T-cell receptor signal transduction pathway via the formation of cyclosporin A−cyclophilin complex that inhibits calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B). Inhibits nitric oxide synthesis induced by interleukin 1α, lipopolysaccharides and TNFα. Can block cytochrome c release from mitochondria.
    Potent immunosuppressive agent, inhibiting primarily T lymphocytes.
    • SML0192 Cyclosporin C ≥95% (HPLC), from Acremonium luzulae Cyclosporins are a family of neutral, highly lipophilic, cyclic undecapeptides containing some unusual amino acids.1 Cyclosporin A (CsA) is the main representative of cyclosporins. It has antifungal activity and is the strongest immunosuppressive compound discovered so far. Cyclosporin C has the same activity with reduced potency.1 CsA has potent anti-Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) activity towards both HCV replicons. Cyclophilins are intracellular proteins, highly conserved, involved in cis-trans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl bonds and protein folding which bind cyclosporins and as a complex inhibit the activity of calcineurin, a phosphatase necessary for T-cell activation.2 Cyclosporin is therefore used for treating autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and psoriasis.
    • SML0515 DCAP ≥95% (HPLC) New DCAP is a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic that specifically targets the membranes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It reduces the transmembrane potential, kills stationary-phase cells and sterilizes bacterial biofilms. DCAP has no effect on red blood cell membranes at levels toxic to bacteria.
    • D9565 β-Defensin 1 human ≥98% (HPLC and SDS-PAGE), recombinant, expressed in E. coli, lyophilized powder (from 10 mM acetic acid) A small cationic peptide which demonstrates anti-microbial activity. Originally isolated from human plasma, this substance is constitutively expressed in mucosal membrane epithelium.
    • D9690 β-Defensin 2 human recombinant, expressed in E. coli, lyophilized powder (from 10 mM acetic acid) A small cationic peptide which demonstrates anti-microbial activity and is expressed in keratinocytes and the epithelia of many organs.
    • D2043 Defensin HNP-1 human ≥80% (HPLC) This is an endogenous antibiotic peptide and monocyte chemotactic peptide produced by human neutrophils. Defensins are a family of 3-4 kDa (29-34 amino acids) peptides found in the granules of mammalian phagocytes. The members of this family are variably arginine-rich and share six conserved cysteine residues that participate in intramolecular disulfide bonds.
    • D6790 Defensin HNP-2 human ≥95% (HPLC) This is an endogenous antibiotic peptide and monocyte chemotactic peptide produced by human neutrophils. Defensins are a family of 3-4 kDa (29-34 amino acids) peptides found in the granules of mammalian phagocytes. The members of this famuly are variably arginine-rich and all share 6 conserved cysteine residues that participate in intramolecular disulfide bonds.
    • D4196 Dehydroleucodine ≥98% (HPLC) Dehydroleucodine is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Artemisia douglasiana Besser; mast cell stabilizers. An extract from the plant is widely used in Cuyo region (Argentina) as folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ailments. The compound prevents gastric and duodenal damages in response to necrosis-inducing agents. Stabilization of mast cells may be a key mechanism to protect the gastrointestinal tract from injury and ulceration. Recently, it was established that dehydroleucodine and xanthatin inhibit mast cell degranulation induced by compound 48/80.
    • D6140 Demeclocycline hydrochloride ≥90% (HPLC), powder Demeclocycline hydrochloride is a tetracycline antibiotic derived from a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens. DMC protects neurons from glutamate induced toxicity by suppressing calpain I and II activities.
    • D1756 Dexamethasone ≥98% (HPLC), powder Glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory agent. Regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.
    • D4902 Dexamethasone powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, ≥97% Glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory agent. Regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.
    • D8893 Dexamethasone powder, γ-irradiated, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture, ≥80% (HPLC) Glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory agent. Regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.
    • D1881 Dexamethasone 21-acetate ≥99% An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid.
    • D1159 Dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium salt ≥98% An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, a pro-drug that is converted to dexamethasone in vivo; stimulates glutamine uptake in the cerebral cortex
    • D2915 Dexamethasone-Water Soluble suitable for cell culture, BioReagent  
    • P4394 cis-Diammineplatinum(II) dichloride crystalline Potent chemoimmunotherapeutic drug; stimulates the immune responses by activating macrophages and other cells of the immune system. Cisplatin-treated macrophages show increased antigen presentation function in vitro. Treatment increased cellular NF-κB content and translocation in macrophages. Cisplatin effects are regulated by kinases, phosphatases, and Ca2+/calmodulin. Forms cytotoxic adducts with the DNA dinucleotide d(pGpG), inducing intrastrand crosslinks.
    Potent platinum-based antineoplastic agent. Forms cytotoxic adducts with the DNA dinucleotide d(pGpG), inducing intrastrand cross-links.
    • SML0541 7α,25-Dihydroxycholesterol ≥98% (HPLC) New 7α,25-Dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) is a potent and selective endogenous ligand for the orphan GPCR receptor EBI2 (GPR183) with an EC50 value in the picomolar range. The newly discovered EBI2–oxysterol signalling pathway has been shown to have an important role in the adaptive immune response, including a role in driving immune cell migration. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that 7,25-OHC can serve as a chemokine directing migration of B cells, T cells and dendritic cells.
    • SML0477 Echinomycin ≥98% (HPLC) New Echinomycin is an antitumor antibiotic and potent hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor. It binds to DNA via bifunctional intercalation, blocking the binding of HIF-1α, a transcription factor important in tumor growth. Echinomycin selectively eliminated cancer stem cells in a study with mouse lymphoma and human AML xenogeneic models, eradicating the lymphomas. Recently, echinomycin was also found to act as an antibiotic adjuvant having synergistic effects with novobiocin in gram negative bacteria.
    • E3285 EIINFEKL trifluoroacetate salt ≥95% (HPLC) EIINFEKL is an antagonist variant of SIINFEKL [OVA (257-264)] [it induces positive selection T-cells].
    • SML0013 Epinecidine-1 trifluoroacetate salt ≥98% (HPLC) Epinecidin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with antitumor and antiviral activity, which was cloned from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Apparently epinecidin-1 binds to microbial surface and next destroys microbial membrane. Epinecidin-1 was effective in protecting grouper larvae from nervous necrosis viral (NNV) disease.
    • E6376 Erythromycin potency: ≥850 μg per mg Mode of Action: Inhibits elongation at transpeptidation step.
    Antimicrobial spectrum: Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
    Mode of Action: Inhibits protein synthesis (elongation) at the level of transpeptidation (aminoacyl translocation A-site to P-site).
    Antimicrobial spectrum: Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
    • F8182 Faropenem sodium hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Faropenem sodium is an ultra-broad spectrum, β-lactamase resistant, β-lactam antibiotic active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
    • F6145 Fenspiride hydrochloride analytical standard, for drug analysis Bronchodilator with anti-inflammatory properties. Inhibits mucus secretion and reduces the release of tachykinins at a prejunctional level by its anti-muscarinic action. It also may be an antagonist at α adrenergic and H1 histamine receptors.
    • F8929 Fluconazole ≥98% (HPLC), powder Fluconazole is an antifungal agent. It is highly selective inhibitor of fungal cytochrome P-450 sterol C-14 α-demethyllation. Fluconazole is a potent inhibitor of CYP2C9. Fluconazole interferes with fungal ergosterol synthesis and downregulates the metallothionein gene.
    • F5021 Flunisolide ≥97%  
    • F3506 N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe ≥97% (HPLC) Potent chemotactic peptide.1 Induces a metabolic burst in macrophages accompanied by an increase in respiratory rate, secretion of lysosomal enzymes, and production of superoxide anion.2
    Potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator. Receptors that bind formylpeptides are found on phagocytic neutrophils and have recently been identified on cells of the intestinal mucosa.
    • F0808 Frondoside A hydrate ≥96% (HPLC) Frondoside A is a bioactive triterpenoid saponin from sea cucumber; and an immunostimulant. Frondoside A is an extremely potent inducer of apoptosis, and although it does activate caspaces, it can induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells through a mechanism distinct from extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. It potentially valuable for cancers that are resistent to other apoptosis inducers, such as pancreatic cancer.
    • F9130 Furaltadone  
    • F9380 Furaltadone (+)-tartrate salt  
    • F9255 Furaltadone hydrochloride  
    • F3681 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide trifluoroacetate salt ≥97% (HPLC) 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide is a potent and selective protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) agonist. PAR-2 activation is associated with increases in cAMP and intracellular Ca(2+). Immunoblot analysis revealed increases in phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, Src, Pyk2, cRaf, and ERK1/2 in response to PAR-2 activation. 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide is nearly 100-fold more potent than SLIGRL-NH2 (Cat. No. S9317). 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-amide caused both an endothelium-dependent relaxation and an endothelium-independent contraction. It produced delayed (6 hours later) facilitation of capsaicin-evoked visceral nociception, an effect being much more potent than SLIGRL-NH2. Such effects were mimicked by i.col. trypsin. 2-f-LIGRL-NH2, coadministered repeatedly with caerulein six times in total, abolished the caerulein-evoked abdominal hyperalgesia/allodynia in WT, but not PAR2-KO, mice. Repeated doses of 2-f-LIGRL-NH2 moderately attenuated the severity of caerulein-induced pancreatitis in WT animals. It induced a similar dose-dependent increase in Ca2 levels in the presence and absence of b-arrestins.
    • G9893 Gliotoxin from Gliocladium fimbriatum An antiphagocytic and immunomodulating agent that acts by blocking membrane thiol groups.
    • G9423 GYPGQV trifluoroacetate salt ≥98% (HPLC), powder Protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4) agonist
    • H8409 Hymenistatin I >99% (HPLC) Exerts an immunosuppressive effect on humoral and cellular immune responses similar to cyclosporin A.
    • H1667 Hypothemycin from Hypomyces trichothecoides, ≥98% (HPLC) Hypothemycin, one of the highly oxygenated analogues in the group of 14-membered resorcylic acid lactones (RAL),1,2,3 has minor antifungal and cytotoxic activity and exhibits an in vitro anti-malarial activity with an IC50 of 2.2 μg/mL.4 Hypothemycin is also reported to selectively and irreversibly inhibit protein kinases that contain a conserved cysteine residue (Cys166) that is located within the ATP-binding domain.1,2,3,5 Though this group accounts for less then 10% of all identified kinases, there are several targets implicated in aberrant cellular proliferation such as ERKs, MEK, FMS-like tyrosine kinase protein (FLT), and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR).1 In cell culture, hypothemycin displays potent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines that are dependent on certain activating kinase mutations. Additionally, hypothemycin demonstrates significant tumor growth inhibition in at least three separate murine xenograft models.1,5 Hypothemycin also inhibits the production of several cytokines such as IL2, IL6, IFNγ, and TNFα.5
    • I6409 IDR-1 ≥95% (HPLC) IDR-1 is an anti-infective peptide that acts on the host to stimulate the innate immune response. IDR-1 is believed to act by enhancing monocyte chemokines, while reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (decreased TNF and IL-6 and increased IL-10).
    • I0160 Imipenem monohydrate ≥98% (HPLC), solid Imipenem monohydrate is a broad spectrum B-lactam antibiotic. It is a member of the carbapenem class of "magic bullet" antibiotics for severe infections.
    • SML0193 JFD01307SC ≥95% (HPLC) JFD01307SC is a glutamine synthetase inhibitor and anti-tuberculosis agent. It is believed to act as a mimic of L-Glutamate and thus target enzymes involved in glutamine biosynthesis. JFD01307SC showed activity against M. tuberculosis with MIC in the range of 8 to 16 μg/ml.
    • K1003 Ketoconazole ≥98% (HPLC) Antifungal agent
    Ketoconazole interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that is necessary for the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. This interaction inhibits ergosterol synthesis and results in increased fungal cellular permeability. Other possible mechanisms of action are the inhibition of endogenous respiration, interaction with membrane phospholipids, inhibition of yeast transformation to mycelial forms, inhibition of purine uptake, and impairment of triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis. Ketoconazole inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane and sterols such as aldosterone, cortisol, and testosterone .
    • K3519 KRM-III ≥98% (HPLC) KRM-III is an inhibitor of T cell antigen receptor (TCR), an inhibitor of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) /ionomycin-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation and T cell proliferation.
    • L1290 Lactoferricin B, fragment 4-14 trifluoroacetate salt ≥95% (HPLC) Antibiotic peptide in colostrum and milk that protects from bacterial infection at mucosal surfaces.
    • L5025 Leflunomide Immunosuppressant Immunosuppressive; inhibits T and B cell proliferation. Activity is attributed mainly to its metabolite, a malononitrile derivative, which is believed to inhibit dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway) as well as several protein tyrosine kinases.
    • PZ0014 Linezolid ≥98% (HPLC) Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antimicrobial. It binds to a site on the bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit and prevents the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex, thus inhibiting bacterial mRNA translation. Linezolid is also a weak, reversible, nonselective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.
    • L4391 Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 γ-irradiated, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture LPS is a major constituent of the cell wall of most gram negative bacteria. It is a highly immunogenic antigen with the ability to enhance immune responses to soluble antigens. LPS also acts as a specific mitogen for bone marrow derived B lymphocytes from mice, rabbits, chickens, cows, hamsters, and humans.
    • L4516 Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli 0127:B8 BioXtra, suitable for cell culture, γ-irradiated LPS is a major constituent of the cell wall of most gram negative bacteria. It is a highly immunogenic antigen with the ability to enhance immune responses to soluble antigens. LPS also acts as a specific mitogen for bone marrow derived B lymphocytes from mice, rabbits, chickens, cows, hamsters, and humans.
    • L2654 Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli 026:B6 γ-irradiated, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture LPS is a major constituent of the cell wall of most gram negative bacteria. It is a highly immunogenic antigen with the ability to enhance immune responses to soluble antigens. LPS also acts as a specific mitogen for bone marrow derived B lymphocytes from mice, rabbits, chickens, cows, hamsters, and humans.
    • L6529 Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli 055:B5 γ-irradiated, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture LPS is a major constituent of the cell wall of most gram negative bacteria. It is a highly immunogenic antigen with the ability to enhance immune responses to soluble antigens.1,2 LPS also acts as a specific mitogen for bone marrow derived B lymphocytes from mice, rabbits, chickens, cows, hamsters, and humans.
    • L6143 Lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium BioXtra, suitable for cell culture, γ-irradiated LPS is a major constituent of the cell wall of most gram negative bacteria. It is a highly immunogenic antigen with the ability to enhance immune responses to soluble antigens. LPS also acts as a specific mitogen for bone marrow derived B lymphocytes from mice, rabbits, chickens, cows, hamsters, and humans.
    • L5420 Lumefantrine Lumefantrine is is an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.
    • M7152 Magainin I ≥97% (HPLC) Antibiotic peptide. Thought to preferentially bind to anionic phospholipids abundant in bacterial membranes with the formation of dynamic peptide-lipid supramolecular pore and cell permeabilization, magainins are positively charged and amphiphatic. Binding to artificial neutral membranes has also been demonstrated.
    • M7402 Magainin II ≥97% (HPLC) Antibiotic peptide. Magainins are positively charged and amphiphatic. Thought to preferentially bind to anionic phospholipids abundant in bacterial membranes with the formation of dynamic peptide-lipid supramolecular pore and cell permeabilization. Binding to artificial neutral membranes has also been demonstrated.
    • M8155 [Ala8,13,18]-Magainin II amide ≥97% (HPLC) Magainin analog with greater anti-microbial activity.
    • M2574 Meropenem trihydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Meropenem trihydrate is an ultra-broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
    • SML0195 Mifamurtide ≥98% (HPLC) Mifamurtide (Muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine; MTP-cephalin; MTP-PE) is a synthetic, lipophilic analog of muramyl dipeptide. It acts as an immunostimulant promoting cancer cell destruction via in vivo macrophage activation.
    • SML0284 Mycophenolate mofetil ≥98% (HPLC) Mycophenolate mofetil is a prodrug of mycophenolic acid (Cat. # M5255) that is cleaved by nonspecific esterases in vivo to produce the parent compound. Mycophenolic acid blocks inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and is a potent immunosuppresive agent.
    • M5255 Mycophenolic acid ≥98% Immunosuppressive agent. Suppresses cytokine-induced nitric oxide production.
    • M3536 Mycophenolic acid powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, ≥98% Immunosuppressive agent. Suppresses cytokine-induced nitric oxide production.
    Immunosuppressive agent. Used to inhibit early stage biosynthesis of purine nucleotides. Used as a specific inhibitor of inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and inducer of IMP dehydrogenase gene expression.
    • N0289 Nafamostat mesylate ≥98% (HPLC), solid Nafamostat mesylate is a broad spectrum serine protease inhibitor, kallikrein inhibitor, and inhibits blood coagulation. It is also a possible complement inhibitor.
    • N0290 Nitazoxanide ≥98% (HPLC) Nitazoxanide is an inhibitor of pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR); Antimicrobial recently found to kill both non-replicating and replicating mycobacteria. FDA approved anti-parasitic drug (2002). Recent work (C & EN Sept. 14, 2009, p. 28) highlights that NTZ kills non-replicating and replicating TB bacteria and no apparent resistance is detected.
    • SML0379 Nodinitib-1 ≥98% (HPLC) Nodinitib-1 (ML130) is a selectiove inhibitor of of the nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-1 receptor, which is involved in innate immune response and has been associated with several inflammatory diseases. NOD1 and NOD2 recognize distinct structures derived from bacterial peptidoglycans and directly activate NF-?B pathway, which controls the production of proinflammatory molecules. Nodinitib-1 has 40:1 selectivity for NOD1 over NOD2.
    • SRP3126 NP-1 human recombinant, expressed in E. coli, ≥98% (SDS-PAGE), ≥98% (HPLC), cell culture tested Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. Recombinant human NP-1 is a 3.4 kDa protein containing 30 amino acid residues
    • O8757 Ofloxacin fluoroquinolone antibiotic Ofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which haults DNA replication and cell division. Ofloxacin has been shown to convert LytA from the inactive E-form to the active C-form2. It is a chiral molecule that inhibits pneumococcal cell wall-degrading virulence factors2.
    • O9637 Oxaprozin solid  
    • O9387 Oxatomide ≥99% Oxatomide is an anti-allergy compound, H1 receptor antagonist. Oxatomide suppresses PAF-induced bronchoconstriction; inhibits leukotriene production.
    • SML0540 Oxyphenbutazone ≥98% (HPLC) New Oxyphenbutazone is an NSAID that has been shown to preferentially kill non-replicating Mycobaterium tuberculosis maintained in media that simulates the mildly acidic, in vivo conditions where drug-resistant, non replicating subpopulations of the bacteria reside in hosts. The compound has little or no affect on replication M. tuberculosis grown in normal liquid cultures.
    • PZ0182 Pactamycin ≥95% (HPLC) Pactamycin is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor, inhibiting protein synthesis at the translocation step on the 70S ribosome. It has activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and broad antitumor, antiviral, and antiplasmodial activity. Cytotoxicity limits it clinical use.
    • S9317 PAR-2 (1-6) amide (mouse, rat) trifluoroacetate salt ≥97% (HPLC) Selective proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) peptide agonist.
    • P2742 PD 404,182 ≥98% (HPLC) Potential antibiotic of gram negative bacteria. KDO-8-P synthase inhibitor.
    • SML0508 Pentostatin ≥98% (HPLC) New Pentostatin is a ring-expanded nucleoside (REN) that potently inhibits adenosine deaminase inhibitor, which leads to lymphocyte toxicity. Pentostatin is used as anticancer agent to treat leukemia (hairy cell leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and is investigated as an agent to treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
    • PZ0194 PF-5081090 ≥98% (HPLC) PF-5081090 is a potent inhibitor of LpxC, a metalloenzyme required for the synthesis of lipid A, an essential component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The IC50 for enzyme inhibition is 1.1 nM and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for inhibiting growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth is 0.008 mg/mL.
    • C7874 Piperaquine tetraphosphate tetrahydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Piperaquine tetraphosphate tetrahydrate is an antimalarial agent highly active against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.
    • P2116 Pirfenidone ≥97% (HPLC) Pirfenidone inhibits collagen production and fibroblast proliferation. It has shown antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties in variety of animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, and in clinical trials.
    • SML0285 Pleuromutilin ≥95% Pleuromutilin is an antibiotic natural product that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes in the peptidyl transferase center and inhibiting peptide bond formation.
    • G7048 Proguanil hydrochloride ≥95% (HPLC) Chlorguanide (proguanil) is combined with atovaquone for malaria prophylaxis. The two compounds act synergistically to inhibit the plasmodial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and interrupt the electron transport chain.1 Mutations in DHFR account for the development of resistant strains.2
    • R0395 Rapamycin from Streptomyces hygroscopicus ≥95% (HPLC), powder A macrocyclic triene antibiotic that binds to and inhibits the molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR). It forms a complex with FKBP12 that binds to and inhibits the molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR). Rapamycin is a potent immunosuppressant and has anticancer activity.
    • R7269 Rhein Constituent that is enriched in rhubarb with anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoarthritic, and anti-cancer activity. It reduces IL-1β production and secretion, caspase-3 activity, inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, and phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK).
    • R3530 Rifabutin >98% (HPLC), powder Rifabutin is an antibiotic; antitumor. Rifabutin interferes with HSP-90 molecular chaperone, enhances ubiquitination and protein degradation, and inactivates bacterial RNA polymerase.
    • SRP3148 sCD100 human recombinant, expressed in CHO cells, ≥97% (SDS-PAGE), ≥97% (HPLC), cell culture tested The Semphorins are a large family of phylogenetically conserved proteins that play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis in the immune system. Recombinant soluble CD100 is a 78.9 kDa protein comprising the extracellular domain of CD100 (711 amino acids). SDS-PAGE analysis run under non-reducing conditions shows a mixture of disulfide linked dimer and monomer.
    • S9192 Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Lys-Val-amide ≥95% (HPLC), solid Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2)-activating peptide.
    • S1820 Ser-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-Asn-amide trifluoroacetate salt ≥98% (HPLC), film Thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP).
    • S5071 SFK1 ≥98% (HPLC), solid SFK1 interacts directly with yeast mitochodria. Induces cell death in low salt conditions and suppresses the ability of FK506 to inhibit cell growth in the presence of high levels of NaCl.
    • S8701 SFLLR-NH2 trifluoroacetate salt ≥95% (HPLC), powder SFLLR-NH2 is a PAR-1 (Protease-Activated Receptor) selective activating peptide, also known as Thrombin Receptor Activating Peptide 5 (TRAP-5). Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are present on various organs including, platelets, mast cell, gallblader, oesophagus etc, and regulate various physiological processes including human platelet aggregation, vascular contraction/relaxation, and an increase in endothelial permeability. Recent papers indicated that PAR′s are also involved in sensory processing and proliferation of astrocytes.
    • SML0562 Shiga Toxin 1, B subunit recombinant, expressed in E. coli, ≥95% (SDS-PAGE) New The Shiga toxins are a family of related protein toxins secreted by certain types of bacteria. Shiga toxin (Stx) is produced by Shigella dysenteriae, whereas the Shiga-like toxins, Stx1 and Stx2, with a few known isoforms, are secreted by specific strains of Escherichia coli named Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) such as E. coli O157:H7, which causes bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis in humans, sometimes resulting in fatal systemic complications.1

    Stx1 is identical to Stx, while the Stx2 isoforms share less sequence similarity with Stx (~60%) and are immunologically distinct. In spite of the differences in their amino acid sequence, all Stx isoforms share the same overall toxin structure and mechanism of action.2

    Shiga toxins consist of two polypeptides: An A chain2 and a B chain3 non-covalently associated with an apparent stoichiometry of one A and five B chains, to form the holotoxin.4, The catalytic A subunit has a RNA N-glycosidase activity that inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis.1 The B subunits form a pentamer that recognizes and binds to the functional cell-surface receptor globotriaosylceramide [Gb3; Gala(1-4)-Galb(1-4)-Glcb1-ceramide].1 Gb3 is overexpressed in membranes of numerous tumor cells,5 therefore STxB binding to Gb3 receptors may be useful for cell-specific vectorization, labeling and imaging purposes.5,6
    • SML0655 Shiga toxin 1, B subunit, HIS-tagged recombinant, expressed in E. coli, ≥95% (SDS-PAGE) New The Shiga toxins are a family of related protein toxins secreted by certain types of bacteria. Shiga toxin (Stx) is produced by Shigella dysenteriae; whereas, the Shiga-like toxins, Stx1 and Stx2, with a few known isoforms, are secreted by specific strains of Escherichia coli named Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), such as E. coli O157:H7, which causes bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis in humans, sometimes resulting in fatal systemic complications.1

    Stx1 is identical to Stx, while the Stx2 isoforms share less sequence similarity with Stx (∼60%) and are immunologically distinct. In spite of the differences in their amino acid sequence, all Stx isoforms share the same overall toxin structure and mechanism of action.2

    Shiga toxins consists of two polypeptides. An A chain2 and a B chain3 non-covalently associate with an apparent stoichiometry of one A and five B chains to form the holotoxin.4 The catalytic A subunit has
    RNA N-glycosidase activity that inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis.1 The B subunits form a pentamer, which recognizes and binds to the functional cell-surface receptor globotriaosylceramide [Gb3; Gala(1-4)-Galb(1-4)-Glcb1-ceramide].1, Gb3 is overexpressed in membranes of numerous tumor cells5,6, therefore STxB binding to Gb3 receptors may be useful for cell-specific vectorization, labeling, and imaging purposes.5,6,7
    • S8076 SJ000025081 ≥98% (HPLC) SJ000025081 is an antimalarial compound that inhibit the growth of asexual blood-stage P. falciparum in cultured red blood cells.
    • S5822 Spergualin trihydrochloride >95% (HPLC and TLC), from Bacillus laterosporus Spergualin is an antibiotic isolated from Bacillus laterosporus that has antibacterial,1 antitumor,1,2 and strong immunosuppressive properties.3,4,5 Spergualin exhibits antitumor activity against transplantable leukemias in mice such as lymphatic leukemia L1210, monocytic leukemia P388, mastocytoma P815, or thymoma EL-4.1,2, Spergualin was found effective in inhibiting skin graft rejection,3 preventing GVHD (Graft-Versus-Host-Disease) in mice recipients of allogeneic bone marrow and spleen cells,4 and modulating other immunologic diseases.5
    • S9701 Sulbactam  
    • S4701 Suplatast tosylate ≥98% (HPLC) Suplatast tosylate is an anti-allergy, cytokine modulator.
    • S6946 Syringomycin E from Pseudomonas syringae B-301D, >95% (HPLC), solution Syringomycin E (SR-E) is a phytotoxin of the cyclic lipodepsinonapeptides class composed of a 3-hydroxy fatty acid tail attached to a polar peptide head that contains nine amino acid residues. SR-E is a potent biosurfactant, which is toxic to many plants and fungi and is implicated as a virulence factor in several major plant diseases such as holcus spot disease of maize and bacterial canker of stone fruits. Syringomycin E inhibits the growth of several yeast strains including Rhodotorula pilimanae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is also effective against human pathogenic fungi. Syringomycin E targets the plant and fungal plasma membrane altering several of its functions such as membrane potential, protein phosphorylation, H+-ATPase activity, and ion fluxes. All of these effects are related to SR-E pore formation in the host membrane. At least six molecules of syringomycin E compose a channel with a radius of ~1 nm and individual channels can become aggregated into clusters that exhibit synchronous opening and closing. Remarkably, the host membrane composition influences the sensitivity to syringomycin E and membrane lipids directly participate in the channel gating. Syringomycin E is reported to cause lysis of erythrocytes of different origin.
    • SML0396 Tafenoquine succinate ≥95% (HPLC) Tafenoquine is an antimalarial primaquine analog being investigated to treat and prevent Plasmodium vivax infections. It can eliminate both blood and liver stages of Plasmodium vivax. Tafenoquine has also been tested as a therapy for leishmaniasis.
    • T5705 Terrein from Aspergillus terreus, ≥98% (HPLC) Terrein is a bioactive fungal metabolite that has plant growth inhibition and antibacterial activities.1,2 Terrein reduces melanin levels in a dose-dependent manner as well as tyrosinase protein production.1, In mammals, there are three melanocyte-specific enzymes: tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2 that are involved in tyrosine conversion into melanin (melanogenesis). Terrein inhibits melanin synthesis by reducing tyrosinase production via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation. ERK activation is followed by microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) down regulation, which is required for tyrosinase expression.
    • T7830 TFLLR-NH2 trifluoroacetate salt >98% (HPLC) TFLLR-NH2 is a protease-activated receptor (PARs) agonist which is more selective to PAR-1 than SFLLRN-NH2. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are present on various organs including, plateles, mast cell, gallblader, oesophagus etc, and regulate various physiological processes including human platelet aggregation, vascular contraction/relaxation, and an increase in endothelial permeability. Recent papers indicated that PAR′s are also involved in sensory processing. Specificly PAR ligands enhance glutamatergic excitatory transmission in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of adult rat spinal cord slices.
    • T1573 Thrombin Receptor Activator Peptide 6 >95% (HPLC) Hexapeptide fragment of the thrombin receptor (residues 42-47). Shown to activate the thrombin receptor and cause platelet aggregation (EC50 = 0.8 μM).
    • PZ0021 Tigecycline hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) Tigecycline is a broad spectrum glycylcycline antibiotic. Tigecycline is bacteriostatic, that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and thereby blocking entry of Aminoacyl-tRNA into the A site of the ribosome during prokaryotic translation. Tigecycline is active against resistant strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, avoiding the two most common mechanisms of resistance to the tetracycline antimicrobials: tetracycline efflux pump proteins and ribosomal protection proteins.
    • T6376 Triamcinolone Triamcinolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid agonist; induces gene expression and apoptosis; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis; impairs tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced degradation of κB-α; potentiates the differentiation-inducing effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2, -4, -6).
    • T3652 Triptolide from Tripterygium wilfordii, ≥98% (HPLC), solid Triptolide is a diterpene triepoxide, the principal active ingredient in extracts from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii hook (TwHF). It is a potent immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory. Triptolide has been shown to inhibit the expression of IL-2 in activated T cells at the level of purine-box/nuclear factor and NF-κB mediated transcription activation. It synergizes with cyclosporin A in promoting graft survival in animal models and in suppression of graft versus host disease in allogeneic bone marrow transplants. In addition, it induces apoptosis in tumor cells and potentiates tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) induction of apoptosis in part through the suppression of c-IAP2 and c-IAP1 induction.
    • PZ0015 Trovafloxacin mesylate >98% (HPLC) Trovafloxacin mesylate is a broad spectrum antibiotic. Trovafloxacin mesylate blocks the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential in the repliction, transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA.
    • U6883 cis-Urocanic acid ≥98% (HPLC), solid (fluffy) cis-Urocanic acid, a 5-HT agonist, is a product of uv isomerization of trans-urocanic acid in skin, which leads to immunosuppression via activation of 5-HT2A receptor.
    • SRP3295 VAP-1 human recombinant, expressed in CHO cells, ≥95% (SDS-PAGE), ≥95% (HPLC) VAP-1 is a type II membrane cell adhesion protein belonging to the copper/topaquinone oxidase family. Recombinant VAP-1 is a mixture of monomeric and disulfide linked homodimeric forms of a 737 amino acid polypeptide corresponding to amino acids 27 to 763 of the VAP-1 precursor.
    • PZ0005 Voriconazole ≥98% (HPLC) Voriconazole is an antifungal used to treat serious fungal infections. Voriconazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting CYP450-dependent 14-α sterol demethylase resulting in a depletion of ergosterol in fungal cell membranes.
    • W3020 WKYMVdM trifluoroacetate salt ≥98% (HPLC), powder WKYMVm is a very potent agonist of formyl peptide receptor members FPR1/FPR2 (EC50 1 nM) and FPRL1/FPRL2 (75 pM and 3 nM, respectively). WKYMVm stimulation of leukocytes has been shown to elevate intracellular calcium, induce chemotaxis, superoxide generation, cell killing and phagocytosis.
    • W4270 WKYMVM trifluoroacetate salt ≥98% (HPLC) WKYMVM is a peptide agonist of formyl peptide receptors. WKYMVM binds to and stimulates FPRL family members 1, 2 with EC50 values of 2 and 80 nM, respectively. The peptide is a potent activator of neutrophils.
    • C9359 Z-Ala-Ser-Thr-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone ≥90% (TLC), solid Cell-permeable inhibitor of endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II).