Markers & Ladders

Agarose and Acrylamide | Dyes, Loading Buffers, and Nucleic Acid Gel Stains | Markers and Ladders | Running Buffers | Equipment and Accessories

Markers and Ladders

Nucleic Acid Markers
Nucleic Acid Markers: DNA Ladder Markers
DNA Ladder Markers

Nucleic Acid Markers

Agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are two common techniques for determining the size, the purity and sequence identity (e.g. Northern and Southern blots) of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids can be visualized on gels using fluorescent stains (e.g. Ethidium bromide or SYBR® Green) or by silver staining. DNA sequences can also be visualized by hybridization using labeled probes on Northern or Southern blots. Size markers are necessary to help identify the size of the unknown nucleic acid and verify the separation and staining efficiency on the gel. A wide selection of nucleic acid markers for every size and application are available. Each marker comes with a Product Information sheet containing information on the product and how to use it.

Marker(s)	Product #	Ladder Image	No. of Bands	Smallest Fragment	Largest Fragment	Suggested Agarose Conc. %
DNA Ladder Markers				Base pairs	Base pairs
PCR 20 bp low ladder	P1598	Image	50	20	1000	2.5
PCR 100 bp low ladder	P1473	Image	10	100	1000	2.0
PCR 100 bp low ladder (DirectLoad)	D3687	Image	10	100	1000	2.0
PCR Low ladder Set	D7808	Image	10 & 50	20	1000	2.5
PCR Marker	P9577	Image	8	50	2000	2.0
50 bp StepLadder	S7025	Image	17	50	3000	1.5
50 bp ladder (DirectLoad)	D3812	Image	17	50	3000	1.5
123 bp ladder	D5042	Image	34	123	4182	1.5
Wide range DNA marker (DirectLoad)	D7058	Image	16	50	10,000	0.75 - 2.0
1 kb ladder	D0428	Image	11	500	10,000	0.75
1 kb ladder (DirectLoad)	D3937		11	500	10,000	0.75
Supercoiled DNA ladder	D5292	Image	11	2067	16,210	0.7
ChromaTrack Dye Marker				Base pairs	Base pairs
ChromaTrack Dye Marker	C8468	Image	6	Variable	Variable	Variable
DNA Digest Markers				Base pairs	Base pairs
pBR322 Hae III digest	D9655	Image	22	8		2.5
pUC18 Hae III digest	D6293	Image	11	11		2.5
pUC18 Mspl digest	D4797	Image	13	26		2.5
θX174 Hae III digest	D0672	Image	11	72		2.0
λ DNA BstE digest	D9793	Image	14	117		1.0
λ DNA Pst I digest	D1793	Image	29	15		0.7
λ DNA EcoR1 and Hind III digest	D9281	Image	13	125		0.7
λ DNA Hind III digest	D9780	Image	8	125		0.75
λ DNA EcoR1 digest	D5282	Image	6	3530		0.7

Nucleic Acid Markers: DNA Ladder Markers

Marker(s)	Product #	Ladder Image	No. of Bands	Smallest Fragment	Largest Fragment	Suggested Agarose Conc. %
DNA Ladder Markers				Base pairs	Base pairs
λ DNA BstE digest	D2916	Image	10	1503	48,502	0.4
RNA Markers				Bases	Bases
5S Ribosomal RNA marker	R8385		1			1.25
0.1 - 1 kb RNA marker	R6895	Image	7	100	1000	1.25
18S and 28S Ribosomal RNA marker	R0889	Image	2	2000	5300	1.0
0.28 - 6.6 kb RNA marker	R7644	Image	9	281	6583	1.0
0.36 –9.5 kb RNA marker	R3137		8	360	9490	1.0
0.2 – 10 kb RNA marker	R7020	Image	9	200	10,000	1.0
Pulsed-Field DNA Markers				Kilobase pairs	Kilobase pairs
0.1 – 200 kb Pulse marker	D2291	Image	12	0.1	194	1.0
50 – 1000 kb Pulse marker	D2416	Image	16	48.5	1018.5	1.0
225 – 2200 kb Pulse marker	D4658	Image	21	225	2200	1.0

DNA Ladder Markers

The DNA ladder markers are created as evenly spaced (ladder) repeats. Half of these markers are especially designed for the analysis of PCR products. The PCR DNA markers range from 20 bp to 1000 bp, a common range of PCR generated DNA fragments. The banding pattern of PCR DNA markers is more closely spaced for more accurate determination of the size of the PCR product. If a larger range is necessary, Sigma's 50 bp ladder (S7025) or the 1 kb ladder (D0428) may be more appropriate.

Fragment Size/Number	PCR 20bp	PCR 100bp	Direct Load PCR 100bp	PCR Marker	Step Ladder 50bp	Direct Load 50bp	123 bp	Direct Load Wide Range	1 kb	Direct Load 1kb
	P1598	P1473	D3687	P9577	S7025	D3812	D5042	D7058	D0428	D3937
Ladder Image	Image	Image	Image	Image	Image	Image	Image	Image	Image
Fragment Size → Number↓	bp	bp	bp	bp	bp	bp	bp	bp	bp	bp
1	1000	1000	1000	2000	3000	3000	4182	10,000	10,000	10,000
2	980	900	900	1500	2000	2000	4059	8000	8000	8000
3	960	800	800	1000	1000	1000	3936	6000	6000	6000
4	940	700	700	750	900	900	3813	5000	5000	5000
5	920	600	600	500	800	800	3690	4000	4000	4000
6	900	500	500	300	700	700	3567	3000	3000	3000
7	880	400	400	150	600	600	3444	2500	2500	2500
8	860	300	300	50	500	500	3321	2000	2000	2000
9	840	200	200		450	450	3198	1550	1500	1500
10	820	100	100		400	400	3075	1400	1000	1000
11	800				350	350	2952	1000	500	500
12	780				300	300	2829	750
13	760				250	250	2706	500
14	740				200	200	2583	400
15	720				150	150	2460	300
16	700				100	100	2337	200
	Every 20 bp to.				50	50	Every 123bp to.	100
34							123	50
	40
50	20

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