Find TLR1 Products Interaction Network for TLR1 TLR1 Details

Related Pathways Toll-like Receptor Signaling NF-kappa B Signaling TREM1 Signaling View All Pathways

Synonyms: CD281, DKFZp547I0610, DKFZp564I0682, KIAA0012, MGC104956, MGC126311, MGC126312, rsc786, TIL, TLR1, TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 1

Toll Comparative Pathway

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are mammalian homologues of Drosophila Toll receptors. Drosophila Toll receptors have a duel function that depends upon the mechanism of upstream activation. Toll receptors are activated by the endogenous peptide, Spatzle (Spz). Spatzle is present in the hemolymph as an inactive proSpatzle precursor which becomes an active enzyme after proteolysis. If proSpatzle is cleaved by the maternal serine protease, Easter, it functions in the control of dorsal-ventral axis formation.

Drosophila (insect) Toll receptors and vertebrate Toll-like receptors both function as mediators of innate immunity via the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), a process that depends upon pattern recognition receptor (PRR) function. However, the Toll receptor and Toll-like receptor activation mechanisms are different. The Toll-like receptor family members bind directly to class-specific molecules which transduce the defense signals. Specificity is derived from different isotypes/isoforms of Toll-like receptors, different combinations of TLR monomers and cell-specific effector molecules. Toll signaling depends upon the indirect recognition of an infectious element, and coordinated proteolysis of Spatzle. Insect Toll receptors are activated by Spatzle (Spz) cleavage molecules derived from a family of upstream secreted serine proteases, Spatzle-processing enzymes (SPE). Drosophila Toll innate surveillance is mediated by the Gram-negative binding protein 1 (GNBP1) and members of the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) family, such as PGRP-SA. PGRP-SA recognizes a proteolytically processed Gram-positive peptidoglycan (muropeptide dimer).