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[Home](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AT/en)[Organic Electronics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AT/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/organic-electronics)Plexcore® Organic Conductive Inks
# Plexcore® Organic Conductive Inks
## Plexcore® OC Hole Injection Inks
Employing the regioselective polymerization techniques used to make P3HTs, Plextronics has developed a self-doping polymer poly(thiophene-3-\[2\[(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2,5-diyl) (__Figure 1__), which is available as ready-to-use solutions for making hole injection layers (HIL) in OLED (organic light-emitting diode) devices (in combination with a matrix polymer and other additives, __Figure 2__).
__Figure 1.__ Chemical structure of Plexcore® OC Inks
__Figure 2.__ Lab scale OLEDs made using Plexcore® OC conductive inks as HIL.
Plexcore® OC inks can be spin-coated onto an ITO-coated glass substrate (Product No. [703184](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AT/en/product/aldrich/703184)) to fabricate an HIL of a hybrid phosphorescent organic light emitting diode device (__Figure 3__). Advantages of Plexcore® OC materials include reduced acidity (for decreased electrode degradation), tunable properties for specific device optimization and versatility, and easy solution processing. Furthermore, the unique versatility of Plexcore® OC can be utilized to match the work function of the hole injection layer to the rest of the device stack. This minimizes injection losses at interfaces, enables low voltage device operation, and extension of device lifetime. Plexcore® OC materials are compatible with a wide variety of device architectures, including vapor deposited OLEDs and solution-processed polymer OLEDs with poly(phenylene vinyline) (PPV) and polyfluorene emitters.
__Figure 3.__ OLED Device Stack
__NPB:__ *N,N’*-Bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-*N,N’*-bis(phenyl)benzidine (Product No. [556696](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AT/en/product/aldrich/556696))
__CBP:__ 4,4’-*N,N’*-dicarbazole-biphenyl (Product No. [699195](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AT/en/product/aldrich/699195));
__Ir(ppy)3:__ *tris*-\[2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N]iridium(III) (Product No. [694924](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AT/en/product/aldrich/694924));
__BCP:__ 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (bathocuproine) (Product No. [699152](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AT/en/product/aldrich/699152));
__Alq3:__ *tris*-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminium (Product No. [697737](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AT/en/product/aldrich/697737));
__Ca/Al:__ Calcium/Aluminium
Due to the tunable nature of Plexcore OC inks, the properties are easily manipulated to match the requirements of various OLED stack designs. Plextronics has developed an OC Ink Kit (Product No. [719102](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AT/en/product/aldrich/719102)) which allows for the highly tunable development of devices. The kit features a selection of conductive inks with a range of electrical properties ideal for use as HILs in OLED devices. The properties of the kit components are outlined in __Table 1.__
| | | | | | |
|-----------|--------------------|---------------|----------------|---------|----------------------------|
| Component | Resistivity (Ω-cm) | Work Function | Viscosity (cP) | pH | Surface Tension (dynes/cm) |
| RG-1110 | 10-300 | -4.8 | 5-11 | 2.5-4.5 | 33-40 |
| RG-1115 | 10-300 | -5.25 | 5-11 | 2.5-4.5 | 33-40 |
| RG-1150 | 300-1000 | -4.8 | 5-11 | 5-11 | 33-40 |
| RG-1155 | 300-1000 | -5.25 | 5-11 | 5-11 | 33-40 |
Table 1.Plexcore® OC Ink Kit (Product No. 719102)
Two standard Plexcore® OC inks are also available. The properties of these inks are outlined in __Table 2.__
| | | | | | | | |
|-----------------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|----------------------------|--------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Product* | Work Function (eV) | Resistivity (W-cm) | Viscosity (cP) | pH | Surface Tension (dynes/cm) | Package Size | Product No. |
| Plexcore® OC RG-1200 | 5.1–5.2 | 500-3000 | 4-10 | 2.2–2.6 | 34-37 | 25 mL | 699780 |
| Plexcore® OC RG-1100 | 5.1–5.2 | 25-250 | 7-13 | 2.2–2.8 | 35–38 | 25 mL | [699799](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AT/en/product/aldrich/699799) |
Table 2Plexcore® OC RG-1100 and Plexcore® OC RG-1200
\*Products of Plextronics, Inc., U.S. Pat. 6.166.172.
Commercial supply of Plexcore materials on multi-kilogram (Plexcore OS) and multi-liter (Plexcore® OC) scale is available directly from Plextronics: [www.plextronics.com](http://www.plextronics.com/)
__Figure 4__ shows representative performance of green phosphorescent OLEDs made with Plexcore® OC RG-1200 (__Figure 4a__) and Plexcore® OC RG-1100 (__Figure 4b__). Turn on voltage of the devices is at the band gap of the emitter, indicating low interfacial energy barriers, which can be attributed to efficient hole injection. This leads to efficiencies of 14-15 cd/A, with modest efficiency drop-off at increasing current density.
__Figure 4a.__ Plexcore® OC RG-1200 (Product No. 699780) (Performance in phosphorescent OLED)
__Figure 4b.__ Plexcore® OC RG-1100 (Product No. 699799) (Performance in phosphorescent OLED)
Power efficiency of a phosphorescent OLED device utilizing Plexcore® OC as the HIL is shown in __Figure 5__. The loss in power efficacy is minimized up to 1,000 units of brightness using the Plexcore® OC technology.
__Figure 5.__ Power Efficiency of a phosphorescent OLED Device with Plexcore® OC HIL.
For information relating to processing of conducting inks for device fabrication, see Technical Bulletin [AL-251](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/technical-bulletin.pdf).
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