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Organic-inorganic hybrids of imidazole complexes of zinc (II) for catalysts in the glycerolysis of urea.

Organic-inorganic hybrids of imidazole complexes of zinc (II) for catalysts in the glycerolysis of urea.

Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology (2014-04-18)

Dong-Woo Kim, Dae-Won Park

ABSTRACT

Bis(alkylimidazole) complexes of zinc, (RIm)2ZnX2, were prepared by a metal insertion reaction. The synthesized (RIm)2ZnX2 exhibited good catalytic performance during synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC) from glycerol and urea. (HEIm)2ZnCl2 with a hydroxyl group exhibited the highest GC yield during glycerolysis of urea owing to incorporation of acid-base bifunctional active sites. (EIm)2ZnX2 catalysts based on different halide anions showed increased reactivity as Cl- < Br- < I-, which is the order of nucleophilicity. The effects of reaction parameters such as temperature, reaction time, catalyst loading, and degree of vacuum on the reactivity were also investigated.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Glycerol, FCC, FG

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, mossy, ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Urea, suitable for electrophoresis

Sigma-Aldrich

Urea, powder, BioReagent, Molecular Biology, suitable for cell culture

Sigma-Aldrich

Urea, meets USP testing specifications

Sigma-Aldrich

Urea, ACS reagent, 99.0-100.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Urea, ReagentPlus^®, ≥99.5%, pellets

Sigma-Aldrich

Urea, BioXtra, pH 7.5-9.5 (20 °C, 5 M in H₂O)

Sigma-Aldrich

Glycerol, ≥99.5%

Sigma-Aldrich

Glycerin, meets USP testing specifications

Sigma-Aldrich

Glycerol, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, suitable for electrophoresis, ≥99% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

Urea, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99.0-100.5%, 99.0-101.0% (calc. on dry substance)

Sigma-Aldrich

Glycerol, BioUltra, Molecular Biology, anhydrous, ≥99.5% (GC)

Sigma-Aldrich

Urea, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., ≥99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, granular, 30-100 mesh, 99%

Sigma-Aldrich

Urea, BioUltra, Molecular Biology, 99% (T)

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, purum, powder

Sigma-Aldrich

Glycerol, tested according to Ph. Eur., anhydrous

Supelco

Urea, 8 M (after reconstitution with 16 mL high purity water)

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, powder, <150 μm, 99.995% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Zinc, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Imidazole buffer Solution, BioUltra, 1 M in H₂O

Sigma-Aldrich

Glycerol, Molecular Biology, ≥99.0%

Sigma-Aldrich

Glycerol, BioXtra, ≥99% (GC)

Zinc, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 3mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Supelco

Glycerol, analytical standard

Zinc, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95+%

Zinc, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Zinc, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.35mm, as rolled, 99.95+%