Does speciation matter for tungsten ecotoxicology?

Does speciation matter for tungsten ecotoxicology?

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety (2010-09-16)

Nikolay Strigul

PMID20839380

ABSTRACT

Tungsten is a widely used transition metal that has not been thoroughly investigated with regards to its ecotoxicological effects. Tungsten anions polymerize in environmental systems as well as under physiological conditions in living organisms. These polymerization/condensation reactions result in the development of several types of stable polyoxoanions. Certain chemical properties (in particular redox and acidic properties) differentiate these polyanions from monotungstates. However, our current state of knowledge on tungsten toxicology, biological and environmental effects is based entirely on experiments where monotungstates were used and assumed by the authors to be the form of tungsten that was present and that produced the observed effect. Recent discoveries indicate that tungsten speciation may be important to ecotoxicology. New results obtained by different research groups demonstrate that polytungstates develop and persist in environmental systems, and that polyoxotungstates are much more toxic than monotungstates. This paper reviews the available toxicological information from the standpoint of tungsten speciation and identifies knowledge gaps and pertinent future research directions.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

GF75550866

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.025mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

267546

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

GF87677915

Tungsten, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.08mm, coil width .9mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF78315419

Tungsten, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.10mm, coil width .9mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF91197748

Tungsten, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.1mm, coil width .6mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF13770491

Tungsten, rod, 50mm, diameter 16mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF25095854

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 5.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF18728961

Tungsten, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 182μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.95%

GF14696859

Tungsten, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF22953012

Tungsten, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.004mm, hard, clean, 99.95%

GF18063783

Tungsten, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 474μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.95%

GF52817878

Tungsten, foil, 30mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF10563342

Tungsten, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.95%

GF12679106

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.95%

GF37265429

Tungsten, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF59032481

Tungsten, insulated wire, 5m, conductor diameter 0.0125mm, insulation thickness 0.0035mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF17364191

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.08mm, coil width .9mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF07918230

Tungsten, rod, 1000mm, diameter 1.6mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF27705281

Tungsten, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.02mm, gold plated, 99.95%

GF49127014

Tungsten, insulated wire, 20m, conductor diameter 0.075mm, insulation thickness 0.02mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation, 99.9%

GF66018999

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF02220567

Tungsten, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.1mm, coil width 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF27648007

Tungsten, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.035mm, clean, 99.95%

GF21160178

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.95%

GF06473033

Tungsten, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF22463995

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 2.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF24694049

Tungsten, insulated wire, 2m, conductor diameter 0.015mm, insulation thickness 0.002mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF54025040

Tungsten, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width .51mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF09054053

Tungsten, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.6mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF05990621

Tungsten, foil, 0.1m coil, thickness 0.076mm, coil width 2mm, as rolled, 99.95%