Molybdenum enzymes and molybdenum cofactor in mycobacteria.

Molybdenum enzymes and molybdenum cofactor in mycobacteria.

Journal of cellular biochemistry (2011-06-17)

Tingyu Shi, Jianping Xie

ABSTRACT

When intracelluar pathogens enter the host macrophages where in addition to oxidative and antibiotic mechanisms of antimicrobial activity, nutrients are deprived. Human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of macrophage parasitisms, which can replicate and persist for decades in dormancy state in virulent environments. It is very successful in escaping the killing mechanisms of macrophage. Molybdenum (Mo) enzymes involve in the global carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles by catalyzing important redox reactions. There are several Mo enzymes in mycobacteria and they exert several important physiological functions, such as dormancy regulation, the metabolism of energy sources, and nitrogen source. Pterin-based Mo cofactor (Moco) is the common cofactor of the Mo enzymes in mycobacteria but the cofactor biosynthesis is nearly an untapped area. The present article discusses the physiological function of Mo enzymes and the structural feature of the genes coding for Moco biosynthesis enzymes in mycobacteria.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

366986

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, 10 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis

357200

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

357227

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

266922

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

266892

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

577987

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size (TEM), 99.8% trace metals basis

GF21254981

Molybdenum, rod, 100mm, diameter 25mm, centerless ground, 99.9%

GF98181748

Molybdenum, rod, 500mm, diameter 15.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%

GF34073344

Molybdenum, rod, 200mm, diameter 10.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%

GF31650342

Molybdenum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF23017216

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF29314188

Molybdenum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 8.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%

GF40015831

Molybdenum, mesh, 50x50mm, nominal aperture 0.8mm, wire diameter 0.18mm, 26 wires/inch, open area 67%, plain weave mesh

GF62673846

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%

GF99660437

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 29x600mm, thickness 0.0712mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF50216352

Molybdenum, rod, 100mm, diameter 12mm, centerless ground, 99.9%

GF01123489

Molybdenum, insulated wire, 10m, conductor diameter 0.125mm, insulation thickness 0.012mm, polyimide insulation, 99.95%

GF31997289

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 29x500mm, thickness 0.0712mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF49993048

Molybdenum, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 1.0μm, specific density 1022μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.9%

GF61121304

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.9%

GF01979477

Molybdenum, mesh, 100x100mm, nominal aperture 0.8mm, wire diameter 0.18mm, 26 wires/inch, open area 67%, plain weave mesh

GF37145358

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.9%

GF40435972

Molybdenum, insulated wire, 20m, conductor diameter 0.125mm, insulation thickness 0.012mm, polyimide insulation, 99.95%

GF66431606

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%

GF54490574

Molybdenum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 2.0mm, centerless ground, 99.9%

GF59041740

Molybdenum, mesh, 150x150mm, nominal aperture 0.44mm, wire diameter 0.07mm, 50 wires/inch, open area 67%, plain weave mesh

GF04272049

Molybdenum, pellets, 200g, max. size 10mm, 99.9%

GF30193781

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%

GF03978894

Molybdenum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.025mm, gold plated, 99.95%

GF64333560

Molybdenum, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.013mm, hard, 99.8+%