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A3656

Sigma-Aldrich

5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine

≥97% (HPLC), powder, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor

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Synonym(s):
2′-Deoxy-5-azacytidine, 4-Amino-1-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one, Decitabine
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C8H12N4O4
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
228.21
Beilstein:
617982
EC Number:
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
NACRES:
NA.77

Quality Level

Assay

≥97%

form

powder

solubility

acetic acid: water (1:1): 50 mg/mL

originator

Eisai

SMILES string

NC1=NC(=O)N(C=N1)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2

InChI

1S/C8H12N4O4/c9-7-10-3-12(8(15)11-7)6-1-4(14)5(2-13)16-6/h3-6,13-14H,1-2H2,(H2,9,11,15)/t4-,5+,6+/m0/s1

InChI key

XAUDJQYHKZQPEU-KVQBGUIXSA-N

Gene Information

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General description

5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine is a DNA-hypomethylating agent, which stimulates differentiation and apoptosis of leukemic cells. It is a 2′-deoxycytidine analogue. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine is used to treat chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, refractory anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.
5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, also known as Decitabine, is a DNA-hypomethylating agent that promotes differentiation and apoptosis in leukemic cells. It is a 2′-deoxycytidine analog that causes DNA demethylation or hemi-demethylation, which can regulate gene expression by "opening" the chromatin structure, making it more sensitive to nucleases. This chromatin remodeling allows transcription factors to bind to promoter regions, facilitating the assembly of the transcription complex and subsequent gene expression. As an epigenetic modifier, Decitabine inhibits DNA methyltransferase activity, leading to DNA hypomethylation and gene activation. The reactivation of genes is further enhanced when demethylation is combined with histone hyperacetylation. Decitabine is used to treat chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, refractory anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia.

Application

5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine has been used as a demethylating agent in breast cancer cell line, chromatin, DNA and promoter region of p16 gene.

Biochem/physiol Actions

5′-Azadeoxycytidine causes DNA demethylation or hemi-demethylation. DNA demethylation can regulate gene expression by "opening" the chromatin structure detectable as increased nuclease sensitivity. This remodeling of chromatin structure allows transcription factors to bind to the promoter regions, assembly of the transcription complex, and gene expression. Decitabine is an epigenetic modifier that inhibits DNA methyltransferase activity which results in DNA demethylation (hypomethylation) and gene activation by remodeling "opening" chromatin. Genes are synergistically reactivated when demethylation is combined with histone hyperacetylation.

Features and Benefits

This compound is a featured product for Gene Regulation research. Click here to discover more featured Gene Regulation products. Learn more about bioactive small molecules for other areas of research at sigma.com/discover-bsm.
This compound was developed by Eisai. To browse the list of other pharma-developed compounds and Approved Drugs/Drug Candidates, click here.

Preparation Note

When prepared properly, there may be a small amount of undissolved substance.

Pictograms

Health hazardExclamation mark

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Eye Irrit. 2 - Muta. 2 - Repr. 1B - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT SE 3

Target Organs

Respiratory system

WGK

WGK 3

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

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Vinay Koshy Varghese et al.
Life sciences, 232, 116668-116668 (2019-07-22)
Gene regulatory mechanisms determine the multistep carcinogenesis process. Two aspects of epigenetics are microRNA (miRNAs) and DNA methylation that regulate distinct biological mechanisms such as metastasis, apoptosis cell proliferation and induction of senescence. Although critical, the interplay between these two
Molecular, cellular and animal pharmacology of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine.
R L Momparler
Pharmacology & therapeutics, 30(3), 287-299 (1985-01-01)
Jia-Yu Zhong et al.
Aging, 11(14), 5232-5245 (2019-07-29)
Cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA) is the main cause of Adrenal Cushing syndrome. However, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Previous study revealed Synaptophysin (SYP) is ubiquitously expressed in adrenocortical tumors, but its function in CPA still need to be discovered.
Enhancement of chemotherapeutic efficacy in hypermethylator breast cancer cells through targeted and pharmacologic inhibition of DNMT3b
Sandhu R, et al.
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 131(2), 385-399 (2012)
Hypermethylation in the p16 promoter region in the carcinogenesis of endometrial cancer in Japanese patients
Yanokura M, et al.
Anticancer Research, 26(2A), 851-856 (2006)

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