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Both hard tissues (e.g., bone, cartilage) and soft tissues (e.g., skin, cardiovascular valves) can be fabricated by tissue engineering. Cells, scaffolds, and growth-stimulating signals are three key components for engineering tissue substitutes. Whereas tissue engineering cultures tissue *in vitro*, regenerative medicine combines tissue engineering with other strategies, including cell-based therapy, gene therapy, and immunomodulation, to induce *in vivo* tissue regeneration. Biomimetic tissue constructs are also developed as *in vitro* models for drug screening and disease modeling.   Tissue engineering involves cultivating new tissue in the lab by combining scaffolds, native tissue cells, and bioactive molecules to emulate the biological processes of the body.  * * * ## Related Products Slide 1 of 11 1 of 3 [![Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate average Mn ~12,500](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/641/826/68ae2bb0-163b-41ef-b489-fa3ab783094b/640/68ae2bb0-163b-41ef-b489-fa3ab783094b.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 901701 \ Poly(ethylene glycol)-*block*-poly(propylene glycol)-*block*-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/aldrich/901701) 빠른 보기 [![Pluronic® F-127 powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/301/138/011fb8da-4cc7-4cd6-ad27-2ccf66174ff0/640/011fb8da-4cc7-4cd6-ad27-2ccf66174ff0.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ P2443 \ Pluronic® F-127](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/sigma/p2443) 빠른 보기 [![Carbon nanofibers graphitized (iron-free), composed of conical platelets, D × L 100 nm × 20-200 μm](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/622/931/f4b77d87-b06b-4419-aa6b-1fb7b3dc5192/640/f4b77d87-b06b-4419-aa6b-1fb7b3dc5192.jpg) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 719781 \ Carbon nanofibers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/aldrich/719781) 빠른 보기 [![Water-soluble TPO based nanoparticle photoinitiator contains ionic surfactant](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/111/687/7547855e-1769-43f6-9df7-832b6717395a/640/7547855e-1769-43f6-9df7-832b6717395a.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 906808 \ Water-soluble TPO based nanoparticle photoinitiator](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/aldrich/906808) 빠른 보기 [![Water-soluble TPO based nanoparticle photoinitiator contains nonionic surfactant](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/111/687/7547855e-1769-43f6-9df7-832b6717395a/640/7547855e-1769-43f6-9df7-832b6717395a.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 906816 \ Water-soluble TPO based nanoparticle photoinitiator](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/aldrich/906816) 빠른 보기 [![Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate ≥95%](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/671/725/a7749673-b125-4b39-b33a-c904a7b7eee8/640/a7749673-b125-4b39-b33a-c904a7b7eee8.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 900889 \ Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/aldrich/900889) 빠른 보기 [![Gelatin methacryloyl gel strength 170-195 g Bloom, degree of substitution: 60%](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/123/185/69bf3690-1f26-462a-a8fd-99a5e1e6634e/640/69bf3690-1f26-462a-a8fd-99a5e1e6634e.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 900741 \ Gelatin methacryloyl](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/aldrich/900741) 빠른 보기 [![Gelatin methacryloyl gel strength 300 g Bloom, degree of substitution 60%](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/structures/123/185/69bf3690-1f26-462a-a8fd-99a5e1e6634e/640/69bf3690-1f26-462a-a8fd-99a5e1e6634e.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 900622 \ Gelatin methacryloyl](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/aldrich/900622) 빠른 보기 [![Low endotoxin gelatin from porcine skin gel strength 100 (Bloom), <10 EU/g](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/418/765/2689cb71-0c41-4444-8c92-a857c15079cf/640/2689cb71-0c41-4444-8c92-a857c15079cf.jpg) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 901757 \ Low endotoxin gelatin from porcine skin](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/aldrich/901757) 빠른 보기 [![Sigma-Aldrich](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/assets/images/sigmaaldrich-no-image/sigmaaldrich-no-image_w640.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ W201502 \ Sodium alginate](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/aldrich/w201502) 빠른 보기 [![Sigma-Aldrich](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/assets/images/sigmaaldrich-no-image/sigmaaldrich-no-image_w640.png) \ Sigma-Aldrich \ 900721 \ Bovine fibrillar collagen solution](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/ko/product/aldrich/900721) 빠른 보기 * * * ## Featured Categories [![Polyethylene glycol chemical structure written as chemical formula C2H4O](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/categories/biomedical-materials/polyethylene-glycol-structure.jpg)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/products/materials-science/biomedical-materials/polyethylene-glycol) [Polyethylene Glycol (PEGs and PEOs)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/products/materials-science/biomedical-materials/polyethylene-glycol) Discover our selection of polyethylene glycol (PEGs) and PEG derivatives in a wide range of molecular weights for all your PEGylation needs and applications. 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[Shop Products](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/products/materials-science/biomedical-materials/3d-bioprinting) [![Vials of colorful biomedical polymers being filled with a pipette](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/categories/biomedical-materials/biomedical-polymers-in-lab.jpg)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/integrated-offerings/biopharma-4-0/process-analytical-technology) [Biomedical Polymers](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/integrated-offerings/biopharma-4-0/process-analytical-technology) We offer an extensive range of natural and synthetic biomedical polymers with advanced properties suitable for all your biomedical applications. [Shop Products](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/integrated-offerings/biopharma-4-0/process-analytical-technology) * * * Overview Related Articles & Protocols Support Tissue scaffolds are analogous to the functions of extracellular matrix (ECM) in native tissues. Tissue scaffolds provide a structural and physical environment for cells to grow, migrate, and respond to signals; mechanical properties to the resulting tissue; and bioactive cues to the residing cells for activity regulation. Three major approaches have evolved to develop tissue scaffolds that mimic native ECM functions: - Seeding cells on pre-made porous scaffolds from degradable biomaterials, including decellularized ECM from allogenic and xenogenic tissues, natural polymers, bioglasses, and synthetic polymers - Cell sheet engineering by seeding cells on thermo-responsive polymer-coated culture dishes and detaching the polymer sheet once the cells become confluent - Cell encapsulation in a hydrogel matrix made of natural or synthetic polymers, such as bioinks, in 3D bioprinting [![Document Search](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/ecommerce/document-search.png)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) [Looking for More Specific Information?](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) Visit our document search for data sheets, certificates and technical documentation. 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[3D/4D Printing Technologies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/3d-printing/3d-and-4d-printing-technologies) Three-dimensional printing technology applications range from personal tools to aerospace equipment. [Graphene Inks for Electronics](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/3d-printing/graphene-inks-for-printed-electronics) Functional materials for printed electronics applications enable flexible displays, RFID tags, and biomedical sensors. [Photocrosslinkable Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/technical-documents/technical-article/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/3d-cell-culture/photocrosslinked-hydrogels) Methacrylated hydrogels enable 3D cell culture scaffolds and bioprinting using light crosslinking. * * * __Featured Articles__ [RAFT: Choosing the Right Agent to Achieve Controlled Polymerization](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/polymer-synthesis/raft-polymerization) Find reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization process, classes of RAFT agents & applications. [3D/4D Printing Technologies](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/KR/en/technical-documents/technical-article/materials-science-and-engineering/3d-printing/3d-and-4d-printing-technologies) Three-dimensional printing technology applications range from personal tools to aerospace equipment. 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