Merck

Antibody Products for
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Research

Antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 Research

Antibodies are a critical part of COVID-19 research as they are used to gain insight into the immune system response to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Relevant applications of antibodies include the detection of biomarkers such as cytokines or to detect CD4 and CD8 T cells, as well as inclusion in serological assays for the monitoring of immunoglobulins. Our wide selection of reliable antibodies and related products include reagents that may be relevant for supporting SARS-CoV-2 research. For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

Antibodies for Cytokine, CD4, & CD8 Detection

When the immune system senses a pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2, it releases certain soluble substances in response. Viral infection can lead to an uncontrolled increase in cytokine levels known as a “cytokine storm”. The increase in levels of biomarkers such as IL-10, IL-1β, IP-10, IFNγ, and IL-1RA is considered an indication of viral infection severity and is shown in early studies to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection 1,2. Another study found IL-6 levels increased with SARS-CoV-2 infection 3. Other indicators of viral infection include increases in IFNα, IL-2RA, and C-reactive protein (CRP). An additional finding sometimes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is the decline in the levels of CD4 and CD8 T cells 4. Antibodies may be useful for studying infection severity by detecting the level of cytokines, CD4 T cells, and CD8 T cells.

Antibodies for Serological Monitoring

Antibody-based serology tests are useful in identifying subjects with an adaptive immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As with most infections, the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection starts with early production of IgM and/or IgA antibodies, followed by the longer-lasting and more specific IgG response 5,6.

Our portfolio provides a variety of antibodies for human immunoglobulin (Ig) detection for seroprevalence studies. It includes conjugated antibodies linked to a label and used for a diverse range of assay techniques such as detection, purification, sorting, and microscopy applications. Our antibodies are validated in various immunoapplications and a variety of hosts.

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Anti-Human Antibodies for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Immunoglobulin Detection Research
Antibody-based serology tests are useful in identifying subjects with an adaptive immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Anti-human immunoglobulin antibodies allow for quick and simple, yet reliable assays with easy readouts and can also be adapted for high-throughput screening.
Coronavirus qPCR Design Case Study & Related Products to Support SARS-CoV-2 Research
Coronavirus qPCR Primer and probe sets for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (Corona Virus), with additional real-time RT-PCR, RT-qPCR and supporting reagents available.
Antibodies
Explore our vast selection of primary, secondary, and recombinant monoclonal antibodies for ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
ZooMAb® Antibodies
ZooMAb® recombinant antibodies represent a new generation of monoclonal antibodies that are specifically engineered using our proprietary technologies that provide state-of-the-art consistency and applications performance.
Prestige Antibodies® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
Explore our Prestige Antibodies®, which are developed using open-access data from the Human Protein Atlas and validated using IHC, WB, ICC-IF, or RNA sequencing and compared to bioinformatic information and literature.
Western Blotting
Western Blotting
Tips for Optimizing Immunofluorescence Protocols to Get the Best Image
Uses for immunofluorescence (IF)—where an antibody conjugated to a molecule that fluoresces when excited by lasers— include protein localization, confirmation of post-translational modification or activation, and proximity to/complexing with other proteins.

Related Applications

Gel Electrophoresis
Protein gel electrophoresis is used to separate proteins for purification, characterization, and detection. Methods such as native PAGE, SDS-PAGE, 2D PAGE, and isoelectric focusing (IEF) are used in preparation for downstream applications including Western blotting, mass spectrometry, and proteomic analysis.
Western Blotting
An overview of the principles and applications of Western blotting for protein detection. Includes links to detailed protocols, videos, and other resources for protein extraction, gel electrophoresis, transfer to PVDF or nitrocellulose membranes, and chemiluminescent, colorimetric, and fluorescent detection methods.
(ELISA) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) include direct, indirect, and capture (sandwich) detection formats for identifying and quantifying a specific antigen.
Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a common immunostaining technique that is used by researchers to identify specific antigens of interest in healthy and diseased tissues.
Flow Cytometry
Flow cytometry is a powerful molecular and cellular biology tool that enables multi-parametric analysis of individual cells.
Protein Quantitation
Protein quantification methods, reagents, and immunoassay technology for accurately measuring the protein concentrations in a variety of samples.

Related Product Categories

ZooMAb® Antibodies
ZooMAb® recombinant antibodies represent a new generation of monoclonal antibodies that are specifically engineered using our proprietary technologies that provide state-of-the-art consistency and applications performance.
Small Pack Size Antibodies
Antibodies in 25 μg or 25 μL small pack sizes for your immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), immunoprecipitation (IP), flow cytometry, ELISA and western blot applications.
Enhanced Validation Antibodies
Our enhanced validation antibodies are characterized using numerous molecular and cell-based techniques and assays to provided superior assurance with target specificity for your required application needs.
Electrophoresis Systems & Transfer Equipment
Electrophoresis tanks, blotting systems, and power supplies for protein gel electrophoresis and wet and semi-dry transfer.
Immunodetection Reagents & Substrates
High quality blocking reagents, secondary antibodies, and HRP and AP substrates for Western blotting and immunoblotting detection.
Protein Electrophoresis Gels & Buffers
Precast polyacrylamide protein gels, running buffers, and hand-casting reagents for hand-pouring polyacrylamide gels for PAGE and SDS-PAGE protein gel electrophoresis.
Protein Electrophoresis Gel Stains
High sensitivity colorimetric and fluorescent protein gel stains, fixing solutions, and de-staining reagents for polyacrylamide gels, agarose gels, and PVDF and nitrocellulose membranes.
Protein Electrophoresis & Western Blotting
Browse our products for protein electrophoresis and Western blotting, including Immobilon transfer membranes, transfer buffers, electrophoresis equipment, gels, gel stains, protein markers, and immunodetection reagents.

References

1.
Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. 2020. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. The Lancet. 395(10229):1033-1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30628-0
2.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, et al. 2020. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 395(10223):497-506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5
3.
Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. 2020. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med. 46(5):846-848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x
4.
Diao B, Wang C, Tan Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Ning L, Chen L, Li M, Liu Y, Wang G, et al. Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Front. Immunol.. 11 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00827
5.
Haveri A, Smura T, Kuivanen S, Österlund P, Hepojoki J, Ikonen N, Pitkäpaasi M, Blomqvist S, Rönkkö E, Kantele A, et al. 2020. Serological and molecular findings during SARS-CoV-2 infection: the first case study in Finland, January to February 2020. 25(11): http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.11.2000266
6.
Padoan A, Sciacovelli L, Basso D, Negrini D, Zuin S, Cosma C, Faggian D, Matricardi P, Plebani M. 2020. IgA-Ab response to spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19: A longitudinal study. Clinica Chimica Acta. 507164-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.026

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Unless otherwise stated in the Product(s) specifications, any Antibody product is sold for internal research use only and may not be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, any commercial, diagnostic, or therapeutic use. Our validation processes pertain only to research uses and do not confirm or assure that our antibodies can be used for any unauthorized uses as set forth herein.