The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders.

The Lancet. Neurology (2014-09-19)

Roberta J Ward, Fabio A Zucca, Jeff H Duyn, Robert R Crichton, Luigi Zecca

ABSTRACT

In the CNS, iron in several proteins is involved in many important processes such as oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production, and the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Abnormal iron homoeostasis can induce cellular damage through hydroxyl radical production, which can cause the oxidation and modification of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. During ageing, different iron complexes accumulate in brain regions associated with motor and cognitive impairment. In various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, changes in iron homoeostasis result in altered cellular iron distribution and accumulation. MRI can often identify these changes, thus providing a potential diagnostic biomarker of neurodegenerative diseases. An important avenue to reduce iron accumulation is the use of iron chelators that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, penetrate cells, and reduce excessive iron accumulation, thereby affording neuroprotection.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

209309

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%

267945

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

IRMM524B

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

44890

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

356808

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

GF77645953

Iron, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.85%

GF49120039

Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%

GF96702644

Iron, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+%

GF52296419

Iron, rod, 500mm, diameter 40mm, as drawn, armcO« soft ingot 99.8%

GF99892311

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%

GF84532844

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

GF39321390

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 10.6mm, inside diameter 10.0mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.8+%

GF08067214

Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, armco« soft ingot 99.8%

GF72187612

Iron, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.13mm, hard, 99.99+%

GF59202176

Iron, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.038mm, hard, 99.5%

GF34939345

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 9mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF44272571

Iron, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

GF69970427

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

GF83584165

Iron, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%

GF51165884

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 8.0mm, inside diameter 5mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF89451737

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 25.0mm, inside diameter 21mm, wall thickness 2mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF63938997

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, armco« soft ingot 99.8%

GF77832355

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 5.35mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%

GF25366754

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF48449391

Iron, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, as drawn, 98+%

GF93790727

Iron, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.5%

GF28189525

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 9.5mm, wall thickness 1.6mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF27511781

Iron, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.99+%

GF27207109

Iron, wire reel, 2000m, diameter 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%

GF34984659

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%