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Karthik Damodaran et al.
Molecular biology of the cell, 29(25), 3039-3051 (2018-09-27)
Fibroblasts exhibit heterogeneous cell geometries in tissues and integrate both mechanical and biochemical signals in their local microenvironment to regulate genomic programs via chromatin remodelling. While in connective tissues fibroblasts experience tensile and compressive forces (CFs), the role of compressive
Ana Mendanha Falcão et al.
Cell reports, 27(4), 1090-1102 (2019-04-25)
Citrullination, the deimination of peptidylarginine residues into peptidylcitrulline, has been implicated in the etiology of several diseases. In multiple sclerosis, citrullination is thought to be a major driver of pathology through hypercitrullination and destabilization of myelin. As such, inhibition of
Oliver Sterthaus et al.
Cellular reprogramming, 16(3), 185-195 (2014-05-09)
Four normal-karyotype human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines were generated using the same protocol and maintained under identical conditions. Despite these precautions, gene expression patterns were found to be dissimilar among the four lines. The observed differences were typical of
Timothy S Cliff et al.
Cell stem cell, 21(4), 502-516 (2017-10-03)
As human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) exit pluripotency, they are thought to switch from a glycolytic mode of energy generation to one more dependent on oxidative phosphorylation. Here we show that, although metabolic switching occurs during early mesoderm and endoderm
Jillian L Astarita et al.
Nature immunology, 16(1), 75-84 (2014-10-28)
In lymph nodes, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) form a collagen-based reticular network that supports migratory dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells and transports lymph. A hallmark of FRCs is their propensity to contract collagen, yet this function is poorly understood.
Xinliang Jiang et al.
Experimental cell research, 399(1), 112439-112439 (2020-12-29)
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a co-transcription activator, shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Phosphorylation by large tumor suppressor kinases (LATS1/2) is the major determinant of YAP1 subcellular localization. Unphosphorylated YAP1 interacts with transcription factors in the nucleus and regulates
Stefanie Koster et al.
Nature communications, 13(1), 1030-1030 (2022-02-26)
Coinfections with pathogenic microbes continually confront cervical mucosa, yet their implications in pathogenesis remain unclear. Lack of in-vitro models recapitulating cervical epithelium has been a bottleneck to study coinfections. Using patient-derived ectocervical organoids, we systematically modeled individual and coinfection dynamics
Laure-Elise Pillet et al.
Glia, 68(9), 1729-1742 (2020-02-20)
Astrocytes are involved in several aspects of neuronal development and properties which are altered in intellectual disability (ID). Oligophrenin-1 is a RhoGAP protein implicated in actin cytoskeleton regulation, and whose mutations are associated with X-linked ID. Oligophrenin-1 is expressed in
Sanne M van Neerven et al.
STAR protocols, 3(1), 101050-101050 (2022-01-04)
Intestinal organoid cultures are a powerful tool to study epithelial cells in vitro, as they are able to proliferate and differentiate into all cell lineages observed in vivo. Co-culturing organoids with distinct genetic backgrounds provides an excellent approach to study
Ensieh Zahmatkesh et al.
Cells, 10(6) (2021-06-03)
Liver organoids (LOs) are receiving considerable attention for their potential use in drug screening, disease modeling, and transplantable constructs. Hepatocytes, as the key component of LOs, are isolated from the liver or differentiated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). PSC-derived hepatocytes
Yiwei Li et al.
Cell stem cell, 28(1), 63-78 (2020-10-15)
Enormous amounts of essential intracellular events are crowdedly packed inside picoliter-sized cellular space. However, the significance of the physical properties of cells remains underappreciated because of a lack of evidence of how they affect cellular functionalities. Here, we show that
Joseph Mathew Kalappurakkal et al.
Cell, 177(7), 1738-1756 (2019-05-21)
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are a major class of lipid-anchored plasma membrane proteins. GPI-APs form nanoclusters generated by cortical acto-myosin activity. While our understanding of the physical principles governing this process is emerging, the molecular machinery and functional relevance of GPI-AP
Katia Suarez-Berumen et al.
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 9, 736813-736813 (2021-10-23)
Adult skeletal muscle has robust regenerative capabilities due to the presence of a resident stem cell population called satellite cells. Muscle injury leads to these normally quiescent cells becoming molecularly and metabolically activated and embarking on a program of proliferation
Markus Johansson et al.
Life (Basel, Switzerland), 12(2) (2022-02-26)
Cardiac hypertrophy is an important and independent risk factor for the development of cardiac myopathy that may lead to heart failure. The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac hypertrophy are yet not well understood. To increase the knowledge about mechanisms
Stelina Drimousis et al.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 375(1), 28-39 (2020-08-09)
The tachykinin NK2 receptor plays a key role in gastrointestinal motor function. Enteric neurons release neurokinin A (NKA), which activates NK2 receptors on gastrointestinal smooth muscle, leading to contraction and increased motility. In patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, the
Sushila A Toulmin et al.
Nature communications, 12(1), 3993-3993 (2021-06-30)
Type II alveolar cells (AT2s) are critical for basic respiratory homeostasis and tissue repair after lung injury. Prior studies indicate that AT2s also express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecules, but how MHCII expression by AT2s is regulated and how
Changjian Zhang et al.
Frontiers in microbiology, 10, 1345-1345 (2019-07-06)
Aspergillus fumigatus is able to internalize into lung epithelial cells to escape from immune attack for further dissemination. We previously reported that gliotoxin, a major mycotoxin of A. fumigatus, promotes this internalization; however, the mechanism remained unclear. Here, we report
Michael L Salinas et al.
Biophysical journal, 118(4), 885-897 (2019-10-22)
The increasing prevalence of adult and adolescent obesity and its associated risk of colorectal cancer reinforces the urgent need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to the promotion of colon cancer in obese individuals. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived adipokine
Wenwen Ren et al.
Theranostics, 11(2), 684-699 (2021-01-05)
Olfactory dysfunctions, including hyposmia and anosmia, affect ~100 million people around the world and the underlying causes are not fully understood. Degeneration of olfactory sensory neurons and incapacity of globose basal cells to generate olfactory sensory neurons are found in
Hon Yan K Yip et al.
Molecular cell, 80(2), 279-295 (2020-10-17)
The PTEN tumor suppressor controls cell death and survival by regulating functions of various molecular targets. While the role of PTEN lipid-phosphatase activity on PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and inhibition of PI3K pathway is well characterized, the biological relevance of PTEN protein-phosphatase activity
Ricky Bhajun et al.
Scientific reports, 5, 8336-8336 (2015-02-13)
MiRNAs are key regulators of gene expression. By binding to many genes, they create a complex network of gene co-regulation. Here, using a network-based approach, we identified miRNA hub groups by their close connections and common targets. In one cluster
Ólöf Gerdur Ísberg et al.
Scientific reports, 9(1), 14843-14843 (2019-10-18)
Human breast cancer is believed to arise in luminal progenitors within the normal breast. A subset of these are double positive (DP) for basal and luminal keratins and localizes to a putative stem cell zone within ducts. We here present
N O Alieva et al.
Nature communications, 10(1), 3593-3593 (2019-08-11)
Filopodia, dynamic membrane protrusions driven by polymerization of an actin filament core, can adhere to the extracellular matrix and experience both external and cell-generated pulling forces. The role of such forces in filopodia adhesion is however insufficiently understood. Here, we
Meritxell Huch et al.
Nature, 494(7436), 247-250 (2013-01-29)
The Wnt target gene Lgr5 (leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5) marks actively dividing stem cells in Wnt-driven, self-renewing tissues such as small intestine and colon, stomach and hair follicles. A three-dimensional culture system allows long-term clonal expansion of single Lgr5(+) stem
Jeonghwan Youk et al.
Cell stem cell, 27(6), 905-919 (2020-11-04)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the cause of a present pandemic, infects human lung alveolar type 2 (hAT2) cells. Characterizing pathogenesis is crucial for developing vaccines and therapeutics. However, the lack of models mirroring the cellular
Matthew J Ford et al.
STAR protocols, 3(1), 101164-101164 (2022-02-25)
Epithelial cells lining the oviduct/fallopian tube are essential in reproduction and have been identified as the cell-of-origin in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). This protocol describes the generation of organoids from mouse oviduct epithelial cells, providing a powerful in vitro
Rupsa Datta et al.
Science advances, 8(3), eabg6383-eabg6383 (2022-01-22)
Access to electron acceptors supports oxidized biomass synthesis and can be limiting for cancer cell proliferation, but how cancer cells overcome this limitation in tumors is incompletely understood. Nontransformed cells in tumors can help cancer cells overcome metabolic limitations, particularly
Fatemeh Ganji et al.
Cell journal, 16(4), 426-439 (2015-02-17)
There is constant difficulty in obtaining adequate supplies of blood components, as well as disappointing performance of "universal" red blood cells. Advances in somatic cell reprogramming of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have provided a valuable alternative source to differentiate
Sanchita Basu et al.
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 315(6), H1835-H1850 (2018-09-01)
Functional interactions between endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the arterial wall are necessary for controlling vasoreactivity that underlies vascular resistance and tone. Key signaling pathways converge on the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (p-MLC), the molecular
Amjad Horani et al.
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 49(3), 341-347 (2013-05-30)
The identification of factors that regulate airway epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation are essential for understanding the pathophysiology of airway diseases. Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) are downstream effector proteins of RhoA GTPase that direct the functions of cell cytoskeletal proteins.
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