- Alcohol and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Alcohol and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
SADJ : journal of the South African Dental Association = tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Tandheelkundige Vereniging (2013-08-27)
L Feller, R Chandran, R A G Khammissa, R Meyerov, J Lemmer
PMID23971298
ABSTRACT
Alcohol is a risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma. It enhances the permeability of the oral epithelium, acts as a solvent for tobacco carcinogens, induces basal-cell proliferation, and generates free radicals and acetaldehyde, which have the capacity to cause DNA damage. Alcohol-associated malnutrition and immune suppression may further promote carcinogenesis. However, acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, is the critical agent by which prolonged and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages increases the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Alcohol also acts synergistically with the products of tobacco combustion in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description
Supelco
Ethanol-500, 500 mg/dL in H2O, ampule of 10 × 1.2 mL, certified reference material, Cerilliant®
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethanol, BioUltra, Molecular Biology, ≥99.8%, (absolute alcohol, without additive, A15 o1)
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethanol, purum, fine spirit, denaturated with 4.8% methanol, F25 METHYL1, ~96% (based on denaturant-free substance)
Sigma-Aldrich
Ethanol, purum, absolute ethanol, denaturated with 1% cyclohexane, A15 CYCLO1, ≥99.8% (based on denaturant-free substance)