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Multiply attenuated lentiviral vector achieves efficient gene delivery in vivo.

R Zufferey et al.

Nature biotechnology, 15(9), 871-875 (1997-11-05)

Retroviral vectors derived from lentiviruses such as HIV-1 are promising tools for human gene therapy because they mediate the in vivo delivery and long-term expression of transgenes in nondividing tissues. We describe an HIV vector system in which the virulence

Apoptosis and necrosis: detection, discrimination and phagocytosis.

Dmitri V Krysko et al.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.), 44(3), 205-221 (2008-03-04)

Three major morphologies of cell death have been described: apoptosis (type I), cell death associated with autophagy (type II) and necrosis (type III). Apoptosis and cell death associated with autophagy can be distinguished by certain biochemical events. However, necrosis is

Dose-dependent transitions in Nrf2-mediated adaptive response and related stress responses to hypochlorous acid in mouse macrophages.

Courtney G Woods et al.

Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 238(1), 27-36 (2009-04-21)

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is potentially an important source of cellular oxidative stress. Human HOCl exposure can occur from chlorine gas inhalation or from endogenous sources of HOCl, such as respiratory burst by phagocytes. Transcription factor Nrf2 is a key regulator

Role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of COPD and pulmonary emphysema

Demedts, I. K., et al.

Respirology, 7, 53-53 (2006)

Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis.

Susan E Logue et al.

Biochemical Society transactions, 36(Pt 1), 1-9 (2008-01-23)

Apoptosis, a highly controlled mode of cell death, is utilized to eliminate superfluous, aged, injured or infected cells from the body. Caspases, a family of aspartic acid-specific proteases, are the major effectors of apoptosis. To curtail their activity, caspases are

Retinoid and thiazolidinedione therapies in melanoma: an analysis of differential response based on nuclear hormone receptor expression.

Joshua P Klopper et al.

Molecular cancer, 8, 16-16 (2009-03-10)

Metastatic melanoma has a high mortality rate and suboptimal therapeutic options. Molecular targeting may be beneficial using the rexinoid LGD1069, a retinoid x receptor selective agonist, and thiazolidinediones (TZD), PPARgamma selective ligands, as novel treatments. Mouse xenograft models with human

Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells.

Susan L Fink et al.

Infection and immunity, 73(4), 1907-1916 (2005-03-24)

Lentivirus-delivered stable gene silencing by RNAi in primary cells.

Sheila A Stewart et al.

RNA (New York, N.Y.), 9(4), 493-501 (2003-03-22)

Genome-wide genetic approaches have proven useful for examining pathways of biological significance in model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogastor, and Caenorhabditis elegans, but similar techniques have proven difficult to apply to mammalian systems. Although manipulation of the murine

Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped retroviral vectors: concentration to very high titer and efficient gene transfer into mammalian and nonmammalian cells.

J C Burns et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90(17), 8033-8037 (1993-09-01)

The restricted host-cell range and low titer of retroviral vectors limit their use for stable gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. To overcome these limitations, we have produced murine leukemia virus-derived vectors in which the retroviral envelope glycoprotein has been completely

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