微生物负荷检测

[跳转至内容](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#main-content) [![Merck](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/static/logos/purple/merck.svg)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh) 产品购物车0 SGZH 产品产品应用服务资源支持 [登录 / 注册](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/oidc-sign-in) [订单查询](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/order-lookup) [快速订购](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/quick-order) 购物车0 [主页](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh)[应用](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/applications)[微生物检测](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/applications/microbiological-testing)微生物负荷检测 # 微生物负荷检测 ![一位女科学家正在观察培养皿中的微生物培养物。](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/applications/microbiological-testing/microbial-bioburden-and-water-testing.jpg "Microbial bioburden and water testing") 生物负荷是指在灭菌前，表面（或整个物品）、设备内部或液体样本中存在的活微生物。生物负荷可能源自制造过程中使用的原材料，也可能通过制造环境中的工作人员或在最终产品包装过程中引入。由于潜在污染源众多，产品的生物负荷在不同批次之间可能存在波动，因此作为质量控制的一部分，需实施例行检测。 * * * ## 相关产品 Slide 1 of 14 1 of 4 [![Milliflex Oasis®过滤装置 pore size 0.45 μm, mixed cellulose esters (MCE) membrane, white filter, volume 100 mL](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/740/999/57d1a874-3e8b-4456-ba0b-9bea13c3b597/640/57d1a874-3e8b-4456-ba0b-9bea13c3b597.jpg) \ Millipore \ MMHAWG124 \ Milliflex Oasis®过滤装置](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/mm/mmhawg124) 快速浏览 [![Milliflex® Quantum Standard Kit with validation protocol A4 format, For the rapid detection of microbial contamination](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/972/533/f9a807e1-1ae9-48f2-aff5-af69cf99d912/640/f9a807e1-1ae9-48f2-aff5-af69cf99d912.jpg) \ Millipore \ MXQUA4K01 \ Milliflex® Quantum Standard Kit](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/mm/mxqua4k01) 快速浏览 [![MILLIFLEX OASIS®胰蛋白酶培养基板 suitable for (Tryptic soy media plates for aerobic and anaerobic microflora)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/340/014/d03ccec6-f3e3-45f0-b57e-e2355bf6b10d/640/d03ccec6-f3e3-45f0-b57e-e2355bf6b10d.jpg) \ Millipore \ MMSMCTS48 \ MILLIFLEX OASIS®胰蛋白酶培养基板](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/mm/mmsmcts48) 快速浏览 [![MILLIFLEX OASIS®沙氏葡萄糖培养基板 ready-to-use](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/413/705/c83bfc3d-aa07-436a-bcf6-e240dbf40c3b/640/c83bfc3d-aa07-436a-bcf6-e240dbf40c3b.jpg) \ Millipore \ MMSMCSD48 \ MILLIFLEX OASIS®沙氏葡萄糖培养基板](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/mm/mmsmcsd48) 快速浏览 [![MILLIFLEX OASIS® R2A低营养培养基板 suitable for (R2A low nutrient media plates for waterborne microorganisms)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/172/915/f3689899-b415-4685-aab9-66b7723cafef/640/f3689899-b415-4685-aab9-66b7723cafef.jpg) \ Millipore \ MMSMCRA48 \ MILLIFLEX OASIS® R2A低营养培养基板](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/mm/mmsmcra48) 快速浏览 [![EZ-Stream®真空泵 suitable for bioburden testing, for use with EZ-Fit® Filtration Manifold](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/317/602/37cc1a9f-7c02-4f7d-8737-d390b740587b/640/37cc1a9f-7c02-4f7d-8737-d390b740587b.jpg) \ Millipore \ EZSTREAM1 \ EZ-Stream®真空泵](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/mm/ezstream1) 快速浏览 [![EZ-Fit® Manifold 6-place, For EZ-Fit® Filtration Units](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/165/205/0d45b425-2e69-4da5-b4a0-798eb9c756f1/640/0d45b425-2e69-4da5-b4a0-798eb9c756f1.jpg) \ Millipore \ EZFITEFUN6 \ EZ-Fit® Manifold](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/mm/ezfitefun6) 快速浏览 [![EZ-Fit® Manifold 3-place, For EZ-Fit® Filtration units](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/111/632/b0ba7611-c6c4-486f-81ec-ddf9b5596461/640/b0ba7611-c6c4-486f-81ec-ddf9b5596461.jpg) \ Millipore \ EZFITEFUN3 \ EZ-Fit® Manifold](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/mm/ezfitefun3) 快速浏览 [![55-Plus™ monitor ready-to-use, disposable filtration unit, pore size 0.45 μm, white filter (gridded), mixed cellulose esters (MCE) membrane, suitable for (microbiological analysis), suitable for water monitoring](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/344/304/25f962b0-cb57-49a5-b4f7-2a389a2b50c4/640/25f962b0-cb57-49a5-b4f7-2a389a2b50c4.jpg) \ Millipore \ JBRMHWG05505 \ 55-Plus™ monitor](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/mm/jbrmhwg05505) 快速浏览 [![胰蛋白胨葡萄糖提取物肉汤培养基 ampoule capacity 2 mL, ampoule filling volume 2 mL, ready-to-use, pack of 50 tests, for heterotrophic bacteria](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/product/images/313/178/88cc8756-5e09-462b-99fb-cf877e6d5018/640/88cc8756-5e09-462b-99fb-cf877e6d5018.jpg) \ Millipore \ MHA000P2T \ 胰蛋白胨葡萄糖提取物肉汤培养基](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/product/mm/mha000p2t) 快速浏览 [![胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基 - 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[生物负荷检测的膜过滤法](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#membrane) - [生物负荷检测的直接接种法](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#direct) - [微生物负荷检测中的最可能数（MPN）法](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com#most) [索取信息](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/campaigns/microbial-filtration) ## 生物负荷检测的[](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)膜过滤法对于含有抗菌物质的产品，[膜过滤](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/products/industrial-microbiology/microbial-filtration)是首选方法。该方法中，样品通过孔径为0.45 µm的膜过滤器。膜作为屏障，可截留大于膜孔径的微生物。过滤过程中可使用真空以加快速度。随后将滤膜转移至培养基中，并置于培养箱内：细菌检测时在30–35 °C下培养至少5天，真菌检测时在20–25 °C下培养至少5天。对培养物进行计数，以确定样品中的微生物污染水平。应采取适当措施，避免可能导致假阳性结果的交叉污染。 ## 生物负荷检测的[](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)直接涂布法生物负荷检测的直接涂布法包括倾注法和涂布法。由于倾注法具有更高的理论准确度，因此更受青睐。在倾注法中，将灭菌[培养基](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/products/industrial-microbiology/microbial-culture-media)加入装有待测样品的培养皿中，待其凝固。相反，在涂布法中，将样品加入装有无菌、已凝固培养基的培养皿中。无论采用哪种方法，在将样本加入培养系统后，均需对培养皿进行培养，并计数所得菌落。 ## 生物负荷检测中的[](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)最可能数（MPN）法最可能数（MPN）法是一种用于确定样品中细菌近似浓度的定量方法。将原始溶液或样品按数量级（通常为10倍或2倍）分装到培养基中，并检测其中是否存在微生物。MPN法的缺点在于，为了缩小置信区间，需要在适当的稀释度下进行大量重复试验。此外，该方法仅适用于细菌检测，对于真菌计数无法提供可靠的结果。 [![文档搜索](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/cms-commons/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/images/ecommerce/document-search.png "文档搜索")](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) [需要更详细的信息吗？](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) 请访问我们的文档搜索页面，查阅数据表、证书和技术文档。 [查找文档](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/documents-search) ## 相关文章 - [基于荧光的微生物快速检测](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/technical-documents/technical-article/microbiological-testing/bioburden-testing/milliflex-quantum-rapid-detection) Milliflex® Quantum 系统可利用荧光染色技术快速检测微生物污染。 - [Comparison of Single-Use Funnels vs. Reusable Funnels for the Membrane Filtration Method in QC Microbiology](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/en/technical-documents/technical-article/microbiological-testing/bioburden-testing/single-use-funnels-vs-reusable-funnels-membrane-filtration-method-qc-microbiology) Comparison of convenience, operating time, accuracy, costs and safety aspects of single-use funnels vs. reusable funnels for the membrane filtration method in QC microbiology. - [S-Pak® Membrane Filters](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/en/technical-documents/technical-article/microbiological-testing/bioburden-testing/s-pak-membrane-filter) S-Pak® membrane filters for microbial bioburden testing - [显色培养基概述](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/technical-documents/technical-article/clinical-testing-and-diagnostics-manufacturing/bacteriology/overview-chromogenic-media) 选择性培养基可以为微生物的检测、识别和计数提供更快的结果和肉眼确认 - [EN ISO 11133和制备用水和微生物培养基性能测试](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/technical-documents/technical-article/food-and-beverage-testing-and-manufacturing/microbiological-analysis-for-food-and-beverage/en-iso-11133-water-for-the-preparation-and-performance-testing) 了解在采用EN ISO 11133集中纯化水和Milli-Q® IX纯水系统产出的纯水制备微生物培养基及进行性能测试时，如何比较两种水源。测试包括针对李斯特菌和沙门氏菌病原体的专用培养基。 - [查看全部 (15)](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/zh/search/facet-search?focus=sitecontent&term=facet-search) ## 相关协议 - [Routine Water and Beverage Microbiological Analysis Using the 55-Plus™ Monitor](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/en/technical-documents/protocol/microbiological-testing/bioburden-testing/55-plus-monitor) Routine water and beverage microbiological analysis using the 55-Plus™ Monitor - [MicropreSure® On-line Filtration System for In-process Microbiology Testing](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/SG/en/technical-documents/protocol/microbiological-testing/bioburden-testing/micropresure-filtration) MicropreSure® on-line filtration system for in-process microbiology testing - 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