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Merck
  • Prolonged exposure to low levels of aluminum leads to changes associated with brain aging and neurodegeneration.

Prolonged exposure to low levels of aluminum leads to changes associated with brain aging and neurodegeneration.

Toxicology (2013-11-06)
Stephen C Bondy
摘要

Aluminum is one of the most common metal elements in the earth's crust. It is not an essential element for life and has commonly been thought of as a rather inert and insoluble mineral. Therefore, it has often been regarded as not posing a significant health hazard. In consequence, aluminum-containing agents been used in many food processing steps and also in removal by flocculation of particulate organic matter from water. In recent years, acid rain has tended to mobilize aluminum-containing minerals into a more soluble form, ionic Al(3+), which has found their way into many reservoirs that constitute residential drinking water resources. As a result, the human body burden of aluminum has increased. Epidemiological studies suggest that aluminum may not be as innocuous as was previously thought and that aluminum may actively promote the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiological data is strengthened by experimental evidence of aluminum exposure leading to excess inflammatory activity within the brain. Such apparently irrelevant immune activity unprovoked by an exogenous infectious agent characterizes the aging brain and is even more pronounced in several neurodegenerative diseases. The causation of most of these age-related neurological disorders is not understood but since they are generally not genetic, one must assume that their development is underlain by unknown environmental factors. There is an increasing and coherent body of evidence that implicates aluminum as being one such significant factor. Evidence is outlined supporting the concept of aluminum's involvement in hastening brain aging. This acceleration would then inevitably lead to increased incidence of specific age-related neurological diseases.

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Sigma-Aldrich
铝, powder, ≥91% (complexometric)
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, granular, <1 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, ReagentPlus®, beads, 5-15 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
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铝, foil, thickness 0.45-0.55 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, ACS reagent, 99%, wire, wire diam. ~1.5 mm
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 0.13 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, pellets, 3-12 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, wire, diam. 0.58 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, pellets, 3-8 mesh, ≥99.999% trace metals basis
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.42mm, inside diameter 1.166mm, wall thickness 0.127mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, mesh, 150x150mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh
铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 3.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%
铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%
铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%
铝, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%
铝, rod, 50mm, diameter 28mm, as drawn, 99.999%
铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 10mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0g/cm3, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%
铝, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.86mm, inside diameter 0.76mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.7mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, rod, 500mm, diameter 15.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%