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Merck
  • Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity.

Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity.

Immunologic research (2013-04-24)
C A Shaw, L Tomljenovic
摘要

We have examined the neurotoxicity of aluminum in humans and animals under various conditions, following different routes of administration, and provide an overview of the various associated disease states. The literature demonstrates clearly negative impacts of aluminum on the nervous system across the age span. In adults, aluminum exposure can lead to apparently age-related neurological deficits resembling Alzheimer's and has been linked to this disease and to the Guamanian variant, ALS-PDC. Similar outcomes have been found in animal models. In addition, injection of aluminum adjuvants in an attempt to model Gulf War syndrome and associated neurological deficits leads to an ALS phenotype in young male mice. In young children, a highly significant correlation exists between the number of pediatric aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines administered and the rate of autism spectrum disorders. Many of the features of aluminum-induced neurotoxicity may arise, in part, from autoimmune reactions, as part of the ASIA syndrome.

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Sigma-Aldrich
铝, powder, ≥91% (complexometric)
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, granular, <1 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, ReagentPlus®, beads, 5-15 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 0.45-0.55 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, ACS reagent, 99%, wire, wire diam. ~1.5 mm
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 0.13 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, pellets, 3-12 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, wire, diam. 0.58 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, pellets, 3-8 mesh, ≥99.999% trace metals basis
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.42mm, inside diameter 1.166mm, wall thickness 0.127mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, mesh, 150x150mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh
铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 3.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%
铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%
铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%
铝, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%
铝, rod, 50mm, diameter 28mm, as drawn, 99.999%
铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 10mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0g/cm3, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%
铝, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.86mm, inside diameter 0.76mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.7mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, rod, 500mm, diameter 15.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%