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793353

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten oxide (WO3-x) nanoparticle ink

Synonym(s):

Avantama P-10, Nanograde P-10, Tungsten oxide nanoparticle dispersion, Tungsten oxide suspension, WO3 dispersion, WO3 ink

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About This Item

Linear Formula:
WO3-x
UNSPSC Code:
12352103
NACRES:
NA.23
Pricing and availability is not currently available.

form

dispersion

Quality Level

100

concentration

2.5 wt. % in 2-propanol

particle size

<50 nm (BET)

density

0.7992 g/mL at 25 °C

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General description

This WO3-x nanoparticle ink is for slot-dye, spin-coating and doctor blading for the use as hole transport layer in printed electronics. Tungsten oxide nanoparticle ink is a hole-selective interface layer ink based on a colloidal suspension of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles in isopropanol. The average size of WO3 particle is optimized around 12-16 nm. Tungsten oxide nanoparticle exhibits high work function, processability and easy layer formation on hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic substrates.This WO3-x nanoparticle ink is universally applicable in normal and inverted architecture solar cells.
Annealing temperature <100°C.

Application

WO3 nanoparticle ink can be applied in OPV cells as hole extraction layer (HEL) materials. Tungsten oxide nanoparticle ink can be mixed with PEDOT:PSS formulations in order to fine tune electronic and morphological dry layer properties (e.g. conductivity, surface roughness or layer porosity).

Other Notes

Prior to application: Ultrasonicate and (optionally) filter through 0.45 μm PTFE filter
Working conditions: Application and film drying under nitrogen (or low humidity)
Post-treatment: Annealing of deposited WO3-x films at 80°C - 120°C

Legal Information

Product of Avantama Ltd.

pictograms

FlameExclamation mark
GHS02,GHS07

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Danger

Hazard Classifications

Eye Irrit. 2 - Flam. Liq. 2 - STOT SE 3

target_organs

Central nervous system

Storage Class

3 - Flammable liquids

wgk_germany

WGK 1

flash_point_f

53.6 °F - closed cup

flash_point_c

12 °C - closed cup

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Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
MKCT6683
MKCQ4495
MKCM4750
MKCL1885
MKCH8503

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Inverted structure organic photovoltaic devices employing a low temperature solution processed WO3 anode buffer layer
Christoph J. Brabec; et al.
Organic Electronics, 13(11), 2479-2484 (2012)
High Fill Factor Polymer Solar Cells Incorporating a Low Temperature Solution Processed WO3 Hole Extraction Layer
Christoph J. Brabec; et al.
Advanced Energy Materials, 2, 1433-1438 (2012)
Chun-Chao Chen et al.
Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 26(32), 5670-5677 (2014-07-22)
Tandem solar cells have the potential to improve photon conversion efficiencies (PCEs) beyond the limits of single-junction devices. In this study, a triple-junction tandem design is demonstrated by employing three distinct organic donor materials having bandgap energies ranging from 1.4
Flexible organic tandem solar modules with 6% efficiency: combining roll-to-roll compatible processing with high geometric fill factors
Energy & Environmental Science, 7, 3284?3290-3284?3290 (2014)
Lin Zhou et al.
Scientific reports, 9(1), 8778-8778 (2019-06-21)
This paper presents perovskite solar cells employed with WO3 nanoparticles embedded carbon top electrode. WO3 nanoparticles works as an inorganic hole-transport material (HTM) to promote the hole-extraction in the perovskite/carbon interface as revealed by efficiency, electrochemical impedance and external quantum
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Questions

1–2 of 2 Questions  

  1. How is shipping temperature determined? And how is it related to the product storage temperature?

    1 answer

    1. Products may be shipped at a different temperature than the recommended long-term storage temperature. If the product quality is sensitive to short-term exposure to conditions other than the recommended long-term storage, it will be shipped on wet or dry-ice. If the product quality is NOT affected by short-term exposure to conditions other than the recommended long-term storage, it will be shipped at ambient temperature. As shipping routes are configured for minimum transit times, shipping at ambient temperature helps control shipping costs for our customers. For more information, please refer to the Storage and Transport Conditions document: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/316/622/storage-transport-conditions-mk.pdf

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  2. How can I determine the shelf life / expiration / retest date of this product?

    1 answer

    1. If this product has an expiration or retest date, it will be shown on the Certificate of Analysis (COA, CofA). If there is no retest or expiration date listed on the product's COA, we do not have suitable stability data to determine a shelf life. For these products, the only date on the COA will be the release date; a retest, expiration, or use-by-date will not be displayed.
      For all products, we recommend handling per defined conditions as printed in our product literature and website product descriptions. We recommend that products should be routinely inspected by customers to ensure they perform as expected.
      For products without retest or expiration dates, our standard warranty of 1 year from the date of shipment is applicable.
      For more information, please refer to the Product Dating Information document: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/449/386/product-dating-information-mk.pdf

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