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MilliporeSigma

S3674

Succinic acid

greener alternative

BioXtra, BioRenewable, ≥99.0%

Synonym(s):

Butanedioic acid

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$50.60

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$111.00

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$307.00

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About This Item

Linear Formula:
HOOCCH2CH2COOH
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
118.09
UNSPSC Code:
12352106
NACRES:
NA.25
PubChem Substance ID:
EC Number:
203-740-4
Beilstein/REAXYS Number:
1754069
MDL number:

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Product Name

Succinic acid, BioXtra, BioRenewable, ≥99.0%

InChI key

KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

1S/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)

SMILES string

OC(=O)CCC(O)=O

product line

BioXtra

assay

≥99.0%

greener alternative product characteristics

Use of Renewable Feedstocks
Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry.

sustainability

Greener Alternative Product

impurities

≤0.01% Insoluble matter

ign. residue

≤0.02%

bp

235 °C (lit.)

mp

184-186 °C (lit.)

solubility

H2O: 0.5 M, clear, colorless

anion traces

chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%
sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.003%

cation traces

Al: ≤0.0005%
Ca: ≤0.001%
Cu: ≤0.0005%
Fe: ≤0.0005%
K: ≤0.005%
Mg: ≤0.0005%
NH4+: ≤0.05%
Na: ≤0.005%
Pb: ≤0.001%
Zn: ≤0.0005%

greener alternative category

Quality Level

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1 of 4

This Item
S75017979871.00681
assay

≥99.0%

assay

≥99.0%

assay

≥99.0%

assay

99.0-100.5% (HPLC)

solubility

H2O: 0.5 M, clear, colorless

solubility

H2O: soluble 1 g/10 mL

solubility

methanol: soluble 0.4 g/10 mL

solubility

58 g/L

Quality Level

200

Quality Level

200

Quality Level

200

Quality Level

500

mp

184-186 °C (lit.)

mp

184-186 °C (lit.)

mp

184-186 °C (lit.)

mp

184-186 °C (lit.)

bp

235 °C (lit.)

bp

235 °C (lit.)

bp

235 °C (lit.)

bp

235 °C (lit.), 235 °C/1013 hPa

product line

BioXtra

product line

ReagentPlus®

product line

Redi-Dri

product line

EMPROVE® ESSENTIAL

Application

Succinic acid has been used:
  • in succinate dehydrogenase mitochondrial assay.[1]
  • as an internal standard in mass spectroscopy.[2]
  • as succinate dehydrogenase substrate in oxygraph analysis to measure respiration rates.[3]

Biochem/physiol Actions

Succinic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic fermentation in microbes. It is a dicarboxylic acid and an intermediate in Kreb′s cycle.[4] Polymorphism in succinate dehydrogenase leads to succinate accumulation. High levels of succinate impairs 2-oxoglutarate epigenetic signalling.[5] Succinate levels may modulate tumor progression.[6] Succinate inhibits histone demethylation and may contribute to epigenetic changes.[7] Succinate is crucial for interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) synthesis during inflammation and immune signalling.[8]

General description

We are committed to bringing you Greener Alternative Products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Greener Chemistry. This product is biobased and thus aligns with "Use of Renewable Feedstocks". Click here for more information.

pictograms

Corrosion

signalword

Danger

hcodes

Hazard Classifications

Eye Dam. 1

Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk

WGK 1

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

ppe

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves


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Certificates of Analysis (COA)

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Find documentation for the products that you have recently purchased in the Document Library.

Visit the Document Library

Succinate: a new epigenetic hacker
Yang M and Pollard PJ
Cancer Cell, 23(6), 709-711 (2013)
Cardiomyocyte differentiation: Experience and observations from 2 laboratories
Patten VA, et al.
SA heart journal, 14(2), 96-107 (2017)
Screening For Isolation of Succinic Acid Producing Microbes
Hema N and Sreenath KP
Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia, 15(2), 327-333 (2018)
Hyperactivation of oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in epithelial cancer cells in situ: visualizing the therapeutic effects of metformin in tumor tissue
Whitaker-Menezes D, et al.
Cell Cycle, 10(23), 4047-4064 (2011)
Oncometabolites: Unconventional triggers of oncogenic signalling cascades
Sciacovelli M and Frezza C
Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 100(9), 175-181 (2016)

Questions

1–2 of 2 Questions  
  1. How can I determine the shelf life / expiration / retest date of this product?

    1 answer
    1. If this product has an expiration or retest date, it will be shown on the Certificate of Analysis (COA, CofA). If there is no retest or expiration date listed on the product's COA, we do not have suitable stability data to determine a shelf life. For these products, the only date on the COA will be the release date; a retest, expiration, or use-by-date will not be displayed.
      For all products, we recommend handling per defined conditions as printed in our product literature and website product descriptions. We recommend that products should be routinely inspected by customers to ensure they perform as expected.
      For products without retest or expiration dates, our standard warranty of 1 year from the date of shipment is applicable.
      For more information, please refer to the Product Dating Information document: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/418/501/product-dating-information-06-25-mk.pdf

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  2. How is shipping temperature determined? And how is it related to the product storage temperature?

    1 answer
    1. Products may be shipped at a different temperature than the recommended long-term storage temperature. If the product quality is sensitive to short-term exposure to conditions other than the recommended long-term storage, it will be shipped on wet or dry-ice. If the product quality is NOT affected by short-term exposure to conditions other than the recommended long-term storage, it will be shipped at ambient temperature. As shipping routes are configured for minimum transit times, shipping at ambient temperature helps control shipping costs for our customers. For more information, please refer to the Storage and Transport Conditions document: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/deepweb/assets/sigmaaldrich/marketing/global/documents/316/622/storage-transport-conditions-mk.pdf

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