Bisdesethylchloroquine is an immediate metabolite of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. These are antimalarial drugs used clinically in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases. These drugs interfere with lysosomal activity and autophagy, interact with membrane stability and alter signalling pathways and transcriptional activity, which can result in modulation of cytokine production and certain co-stimulatory molecules. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine mode(s) of action are still emerging and their metabolism are of great interest. Metabolic Pathway: Cytochrome P450 drug.
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Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 1072, 320-327 (2017-12-06)
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been shown to disrupt autophagy and sensitize cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents. However, the optimal delivery method, dose, and tumor concentrations required for these effects are not known. This is in part due to a
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with poor understanding of its pathogenesis and no effective cure. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of orally administered non-degradable polymeric chloroquine (pCQ) to locally
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an old antimalarial drug that has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Since hematic concentration of HCQ is closely related to the therapeutic response, monitoring the
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