F0507

Formic acid

reagent grade, ≥95%

• Linear Formula: HCOOH
• CAS Number: 64-18-6
• Molecular Weight: 46.03
• UNSPSC Code: 12352106
• NACRES: NA.21
• PubChem Substance ID: 329799662
• EC Number: 200-579-1
• Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 1209246
• MDL number: MFCD00003297
• Assay: ≥95%
• Form: liquid
• Grade: reagent grade

Properties

• grade: reagent grade
• Quality Level: 100
• vapor density: 1.6 (vs air)
• vapor pressure: 44.8 mmHg ( 20 °C)
• assay: ≥95%
• form: liquid
• autoignition temp.: 1004 °F
• contains: <2.5% water as stabilizer
• expl. lim.: 57 %
• greener alternative product characteristics: Catalysis; Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry.
• sustainability: Greener Alternative Product
• impurities: ≤1% acetic acid
• refractive index: n20/D 1.370 (lit.)
• pH: 2.2 (20 °C, 2.2 g/L)
• bp: 100-101 °C (lit.)
• mp: 8.2-8.4 °C (lit.)
• solubility: water: miscible
• density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
• greener alternative category: Aligned
• storage temp.: room temp
• SMILES string: OC=O
• InChI: 1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
• InChI key: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Description

General description

Formic acid (HCOOH, FA) is the simplest carboxylic acid that is mostly found in insect bites and stings. It is widely utilized as a hydrogen storage molecule due to its low toxicity, recyclability, ease of usage, and liquid state in ambient conditions.

We are committed to bringing you Greener Alternative Products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Greener Chemistry. This product has been enhanced for catalysis. Click here for more information.

Application

• Electrochemical CO(2) Reduction on Metallic and Oxidized Tin: This study uses grand-canonical density functional theory (DFT) and in situ attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRA) to investigate electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction on tin surfaces, where formic acid could play a role in understanding reaction mechanisms (Whittaker et al., 2024).


• Simultaneous Measurement of COVID-19 Treatment Drugs: This research demonstrates the use of UPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous measurement of COVID-19 treatment drugs in rat plasma, indicating the importance of formic acid in preparing samples or as a mobile phase additive for better chromatographic separation (Zhou et al., 2024).


• Metabolite Profiling of Liquiritin: The study involves metabolite profiling using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), where formic acid is likely utilized in sample preparation or chromatographic processes (Chen et al., 2024).


• Analysis of Cocaine and Its Metabolites: This article explores solid-phase extraction followed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of cocaine metabolites, a method that often incorporates formic acid to enhance the ionization of analytes (Makhdoom et al., 2024).


• Determination of Antimicrobial Compounds in Pigs: This research uses UHPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of various antimicrobial compounds, demonstrating formic acid′s role in sample processing and chromatographic separation (Nowacka-Kozak et al., 2024).

Formic acid is used as a reducing agent in the:

• synthesis of graphene from graphene oxide.
• catalytic reduction of chromium (Cr(VI) to Cr(III)) by colloidal palladium.

It is also used as a reagent in the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction during the synthesis of ketamine from the reduction of 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-nitrocyclohexanone (2-CPNCH) to norketamine.

Additionally, it is used as a hydrogen donor during the transformation of the furanose form into the pyranose form of glucose and in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction.

Safety Information

• pictograms: GHS02,GHS06,GHS05
• signalword: Danger
• pcodes: P210 - P280 - P301 + P312 - P303 + P361 + P353 - P304 + P340 + P310 - P305 + P351 + P338
• supp_hazards: EUH071
• Storage Class: 3 - Flammable liquids
• hcodes: H226,H290,H302,H314,H331
• Hazard Classifications: Acute Tox. 3 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Eye Dam. 1 - Flam. Liq. 3 - Met. Corr. 1 - Skin Corr. 1A
• flash_point_f: 113.0 °F - closed cup - (own results)
• flash_point_c: 45 °C - closed cup - (own results)