53300

Histamine dihydrochloride

≥99.0% (AT), powder or crystals, endogenous histamine receptor agonist

• Synonym(s): 2-(4-Imidazolyl)ethylamine dihydrochloride
• Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C₅H₉N₃ · 2HCl
• CAS Number: 56-92-8
• Molecular Weight: 184.07
• Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 3624116
• EC Number: 200-298-4
• MDL number: MFCD00012703
• UNSPSC Code: 12352116
• eCl@ss: 32160406
• PubChem Substance ID: 329757931
• NACRES: NA.77

Properties

• assay: ≥99.0% (AT)
• form: powder or crystals
• ign. residue: ≤0.2%
• loss: ≤0.2% loss on drying, 20 °C (HV)
• mp: 244-247 °C; 249-252 °C (lit.)
• solubility: H₂O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
• anion traces: sulfate (SO₄^2-): ≤200 ppm
• cation traces: Ca: ≤10 mg/kg; Cd: ≤5 mg/kg; Co: ≤5 mg/kg; Cr: ≤5 mg/kg; Cu: ≤5 mg/kg; Fe: ≤5 mg/kg; K: ≤50 mg/kg; Mg: ≤5 mg/kg; Mn: ≤5 mg/kg; Na: ≤50 mg/kg; Ni: ≤5 mg/kg; Pb: ≤5 mg/kg; Zn: ≤5 mg/kg
• SMILES string: Cl[H].Cl[H].NCCc1c[nH]cn1
• InChI: 1S/C5H9N3.2ClH/c6-2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5;;/h3-4H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8);2*1H
• InChI key: PPZMYIBUHIPZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Gene Information: human ... HRH1(3269)

Description

General description

Histamine is a hydrophilic amine derived from the decarboxylation of histidine by the enzyme L-histidine decarboxylase. Histamine has been shown to play a role in many physiological processes such as gastric secretion, neurotransmission, immune response, vasodialation, and inflammation. Additionally, studies have reported a role for histamine dihydrochloride with interleukin-2 (IL-2) in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and in protection against alcohol-induced liver injury in rats.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Histamine dihydrochloride has been shown to activate nitric oxide synthetase and suppress or inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of ROS by histamine dihydrochloride allows activation of T cells and NK cells by IL-2. In a rat model, histamine dihydrochloride suppressed ROS generated by Kupffer cells through the H₂ histamine receptor.

Other Notes

Substrate for the assay of histamine-N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.8); Ion-pair extraction of histamine from biological fluids for its determination by HPLC with fluorescence detection

Safety Information

• pictograms: GHS08,GHS07
• signalword: Danger
• hcodes: H315,H317,H319,H334,H335
• pcodes: P280 - P302 + P352 - P305 + P351 + P338
• Hazard Classifications: Eye Irrit. 2 - Resp. Sens. 1 - Skin Irrit. 2 - Skin Sens. 1 - STOT SE 3
• target_organs: Respiratory system
• wgk_germany: WGK 2
• flash_point_f: Not applicable
• flash_point_c: Not applicable
• ppe: dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves