Grace′s medium was originally formulated to support the growth of cells derived from the Australian emperor gum moth, Antherea eucalypti. The medium is a modification of Wyatt′s medium to more closely resemble Antherea hemolymph. The cell lines established by Grace using this medium were the first continuous lines developed. The basal medium, when properly supplemented, has been used to culture cells derived from a variety of insects including several species of lepidopterans as well as some dipterans. The medium is primarily used as a basal medium for the growth and maintenance of cell lines derived from lepidopterans.
Allatotropins (AT) are neuropeptides with pleotropic functions on a variety of insect tissues. They affect processes such as juvenile hormone biosynthesis, cardiac rhythm, oviduct and hindgut contractions, nutrient absorption and circadian cycle. The present work provides experimental evidence that AT
Leishmania parasites must overcome several barriers to achieve transmission by their sand fly vectors. One of the earliest threats is exposure to enzymes during blood meal digestion. Trypsin-like enzymes appear to be detrimental to parasite survival during the very early
Formation of correctly shaped organs is vital for normal function. The Drosophila wing has an elongated shape, which has been attributed in part to a preferential orientation of mitotic spindles along the proximal-distal axis [1, 2]. Orientation of mitotic spindles
The niche controls stem cell self-renewal and progenitor differentiation for maintaining adult tissue homeostasis in various organisms. However, it remains unclear whether the niche is compartmentalized to control stem cell self-renewal and stepwise progeny differentiation. In the Drosophila ovary, inner
Tissue organization is often characterized by specific patterns of cell morphology. How such patterns emerge in developing tissues is a fundamental open question. Here, we investigate the emergence of tissue-scale patterns of cell shape and mechanical tissue stress in the
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