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X2252

Sigma-Aldrich

Xanthine Oxidase microbial

lyophilized powder, ≥7 units/mg solid

Synonym(s):
Schardingerenzyme, XO, hypoxanthine oxidase, XOD, Xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase
CAS Number:
Enzyme Commission number:
EC Number:
MDL number:
NACRES:
NA.54

biological source

microbial

form

lyophilized powder

specific activity

≥7 units/mg solid

mol wt

~160 kDa

storage condition

(Tightly closed. Dry. Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized
persons)

technique(s)

inhibition assay: suitable

color

brown

optimum pH

7.5-8.0

UniProt accession no.

shipped in

wet ice

storage temp.

−20°C

Gene Information

Escherichia coli K12 ... xdhA(947116) , xdhB(947205) , xdhC(945148)

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1 of 4

This Item
X4376X4500X4875
form

lyophilized powder

form

lyophilized powder

form

ammonium sulfate suspension

form

ammonium sulfate suspension

specific activity

≥7 units/mg solid

specific activity

0.4-1.0 units/mg protein

specific activity

≥0.8 units/mg protein

specific activity

≥0.1 units/mg protein

mol wt

~160 kDa

mol wt

283 kDa

mol wt

-

mol wt

-

storage condition

(Tightly closed. Dry. Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized
persons)

storage condition

-

storage condition

(Tightly closed. Dry. Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized
persons)

storage condition

-

technique(s)

inhibition assay: suitable

technique(s)

-

technique(s)

inhibition assay: suitable

technique(s)

-

General description

Research area: Cell Cycle

Xanthine Oxidase (XO), a versatile molybdoflavoprotein, is one of the forms of xanthine oxidoreductases (XORs). XO is characterized with two flavin molecules (FAD), two molybdenum atoms, and eight iron atoms bound per enzymatic unit.

Application

Xanthine Oxidase microbial has been used:
  • to determine in vitro xanthine oxidase activity
  • as a source to generate superoxide anions during superoxide dismutase assay
  • as a component of the reagent mix in colorimetric paper-based device to detect allopurinol in traditional medicine by enzymatic reaction

Biochem/physiol Actions

Xanthine Oxidase catalyzes the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and oxygen free radicals during purine metabolism. This enzyme is also implicated in caffeine metabolism. XO also plays a vital role in the catabolism of xenobiotics including various drugs such as thiopurine drugs, containing 6-mercaptopurine, allopurinol, and uric acid. Excess of XO activity causes hyperuricemia (higher levels of uric acid in the blood), which further leads to gout.
Also contains proteolytic activity.

Physical properties

Inhibitors: Reducing agents, Hg++, Ag+,MIA
Optimum pH: 7.5 - 8.0
Optimum temperature: 65oC
pH Stability: pH 6.5 - 9.0 (25oC, 15hr)
Thermal stability: below 55oC (pH 8.0, 30min)

Unit Definition

One unit will convert 1.0 μmole of xanthine to uric acid per min at pH 7.5 at 25 °C. Approx. 50% of the activity is obtained with hypoxanthine as substrate.

Physical form

Lyophilized powder containing BSA and sodium glutamate as stabilizers

Pictograms

Health hazard

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

Hazard Classifications

Resp. Sens. 1

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

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Allopurinol xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Sigma-Aldrich

A8003

Allopurinol

Pál Pacher et al.
Pharmacological reviews, 58(1), 87-114 (2006-03-02)
The prototypical xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol, has been the cornerstone of the clinical management of gout and conditions associated with hyperuricemia for several decades. More recent data indicate that XO also plays an important role in various forms of
Michael C Hall
Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 292(1-2), 1-11 (2006-09-20)
The cytotoxicity of five oxysterols identified in cooked fish, 7-ketocholesterol, 7beta-hydroxycholesterol, cholesterol 5alpha,6alpha-epoxide, cholestanetriol and 4-cholesten-3-one, was investigated in primary cultures of bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Cells were exposed to the oxysterols individually and to a mixture of the same
P J Marro et al.
Pediatric research, 41(4 Pt 1), 513-520 (1997-04-01)
The effect of allopurinol to inhibit purine metabolism via the xanthine oxidase pathway in neonates with severe, progressive hypoxemia during rescue and reperfusion with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was examined. Twenty-five term infants meeting ECMO criteria were randomized in a
Giuseppe Faudone et al.
Journal of medicinal chemistry, 64(11), 7156-7178 (2021-05-22)
The purine alkaloid caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in the world and has multiple beneficial pharmacological activities, for example, in neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite being an extensively studied bioactive natural product, the mechanistic understanding of caffeine's pharmacological
COLORIMETRIC PAPER-BASED DEVICE BY ENZYMATIC REACTION FOR DETECTING ALLOPURINOL IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
Rimadani P, et al.
Rasayan Journal of Chemistry (2021)

Protocols

Assay Procedure for Xanthine Oxidase Microbial

The appearance of uric acid is measured at 293nm by spectrophotometry.

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